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Related papers: ZERA: Zero-init Instruction Evolving Refinement Ag…

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Large language models~(LLMs) are instruction followers, but it can be challenging to find the best instruction for different situations, especially for black-box LLMs on which backpropagation is forbidden. Instead of directly optimizing the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Lichang Chen , Jiuhai Chen , Tom Goldstein , Heng Huang , Tianyi Zhou

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has emerged as a reliable approach to aligning large language models (LLMs) to human preferences. Among the plethora of RLHF techniques, proximal policy optimization (PPO) is of the most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Banghua Zhu , Hiteshi Sharma , Felipe Vieira Frujeri , Shi Dong , Chenguang Zhu , Michael I. Jordan , Jiantao Jiao

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) is a popular method for tailoring pre-trained large language models (LLMs), especially as the models' scale and the diversity of tasks increase. Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) is based on the idea that the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Pengjie Ren , Chengshun Shi , Shiguang Wu , Mengqi Zhang , Zhaochun Ren , Maarten de Rijke , Zhumin Chen , Jiahuan Pei

Designing reinforcement learning curricula for agile robots traditionally requires extensive manual tuning of reward functions, environment randomizations, and training configurations. We introduce AURA (Autonomous Upskilling with…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Alvin Zhu , Yusuke Tanaka , Andrew Goldberg , Dennis Hong

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) has become the standard for customising Foundation Models (FMs) to user-specific downstream tasks. However, typical PEFT methods require storing multiple task-specific adapters, creating scalability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Abhinav Jain , Swarat Chaudhuri , Thomas Reps , Chris Jermaine

APIs are central to modern software development, yet composing new APIs from large libraries is difficult due to the exponential search space; traditional component-based synthesis relies on costly exploration and hand-crafted…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Hua Zhong , Shan Jiang , Sarfraz Khurshid

Prompt engineering is very important to enhance the performance of large language models (LLMs). When dealing with complex issues, prompt engineers tend to distill multiple patterns from examples and inject relevant solutions to optimize…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Sheng Yang , Yurong Wu , Yan Gao , Zineng Zhou , Bin Benjamin Zhu , Xiaodi Sun , Jian-Guang Lou , Zhiming Ding , Anbang Hu , Yuan Fang , Yunsong Li , Junyan Chen , Linjun Yang

This study demonstrates that a Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) adapted via Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) can perform both Automatic Pronunciation Assessment (APA) and Mispronunciation Detection and Diagnosis (MDD) simultaneously.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Taekyung Ahn , Hosung Nam

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as an effective approach for improving the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs). The Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) family has demonstrated strong…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Chenxi Liu , Junjie Liang , Yuqi Jia , Bochuan Cao , Yang Bai , Heng Huang , Xun Chen

Reward-based alignment methods for large language models (LLMs) face two key limitations: vulnerability to reward hacking, where models exploit flaws in the reward signal; and reliance on brittle, labor-intensive prompt engineering when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Zae Myung Kim , Chanwoo Park , Vipul Raheja , Suin Kim , Dongyeop Kang

Large language models (LLMs) are highly sensitive to prompts, but most automatic prompt optimization (APO) methods assume access to ground-truth references (e.g., labeled validation data) that are costly to obtain. We propose the Prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Yuanchen Wu , Saurabh Verma , Justin Lee , Fangzhou Xiong , Poppy Zhang , Amel Awadelkarim , Xu Chen , Yubai Yuan , Shawndra Hill

Despite the remarkable capabilities, Large Language Models (LLMs) face deployment challenges due to their extensive size. Pruning methods drop a subset of weights to accelerate, but many of them require retraining, which is prohibitively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Peijie Dong , Lujun Li , Zhenheng Tang , Xiang Liu , Xinglin Pan , Qiang Wang , Xiaowen Chu

The personalization of black-box large language models (LLMs) is a critical yet challenging task. Existing approaches predominantly rely on context injection, where user history is embedded into the prompt to directly guide the generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Teqi Hao , Xioayu Tan , Shaojie Shi , Yinghui Xu , Xihe Qiu

Low-rank Adaptation (LoRA) has gained popularity as a fine-tuning approach for Large Language Models (LLMs) due to its low resource requirements and good performance. While a plethora of work has investigated improving LoRA serving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Minghao Yan , Zhuang Wang , Zhen Jia , Shivaram Venkataraman , Yida Wang

Recent advances in Large Language Models have led to remarkable achievements across a variety of Natural Language Processing tasks, making prompt engineering increasingly central to guiding model outputs. While manual methods can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Wendi Cui , Zhuohang Li , Hao Sun , Damien Lopez , Kamalika Das , Bradley A. Malin , Sricharan Kumar , Jiaxin Zhang

The reasoning capabilities of advanced large language models (LLMs) like o1 have revolutionized artificial intelligence applications. Nevertheless, evaluating and optimizing complex reasoning processes remain significant challenges due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Xiaoyu Tan , Tianchu Yao , Chao Qu , Bin Li , Minghao Yang , Dakuan Lu , Haozhe Wang , Xihe Qiu , Wei Chu , Yinghui Xu , Yuan Qi

Code runtime optimization-the task of rewriting a given code to a faster one-remains challenging, as it requires reasoning about performance trade-offs involving algorithmic and structural choices. Recent approaches employ code-LLMs with…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Su-Hyeon Kim , Joonghyuk Hahn , Sooyoung Cha , Yo-Sub Han

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has shown promise in enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models by learning directly from outcome-based rewards. Recent RLVR works that operate under the zero setting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Andrew Zhao , Yiran Wu , Yang Yue , Tong Wu , Quentin Xu , Yang Yue , Matthieu Lin , Shenzhi Wang , Qingyun Wu , Zilong Zheng , Gao Huang

We propose Process-Aware Policy Optimization (PAPO), a method that integrates process-level evaluation into Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) through decoupled advantage normalization, to address two limitations of existing reward…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Zelin Tan , Zhouliang Yu , Bohan Lin , Zijie Geng , Hejia Geng , Yudong Zhang , Mulei Zhang , Yang Chen , Shuyue Hu , Zhenfei Yin , Chen Zhang , Lei Bai

Fine-tuning large-scale pretrained models is prohibitively expensive in terms of computational and memory costs. LoRA, as one of the most popular Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods, offers a cost-effective alternative by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Shaowen Wang , Linxi Yu , Jian Li