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The training and fine-tuning of large language models (LLMs) often involve diverse textual data from multiple sources, which poses challenges due to conflicting gradient directions, hindering optimization and specialization. These…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Yinghao Li , Vianne Gao , Chao Zhang , MohamadAli Torkamani

Large Language Models (LLMs) are pivotal in natural language processing. The impracticality of full fine-tuning has prompted Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods like Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), optimizing low-rank matrices A and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Jiayu Huang , Xiaohu Wu , Tiantian He , Qicheng Lao

The rapid advancement of foundation modelslarge-scale neural networks trained on diverse, extensive datasetshas revolutionized artificial intelligence, enabling unprecedented advancements across domains such as natural language processing,…

Federated fine-tuning for Large Language Models (LLMs) faces significant challenges due to the heavy communication overhead of transmitting large model updates. Although Low Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has been proposed as a solution, yet its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Jabin Koo , Minwoo Jang , Jungseul Ok

We introduce Tied-LoRA, a novel paradigm leveraging weight tying and selective training to enhance the parameter efficiency of Low-rank Adaptation (LoRA). Our exploration encompasses different plausible combinations of parameter training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Adithya Renduchintala , Tugrul Konuk , Oleksii Kuchaiev

Quantization is an indispensable technique for serving Large Language Models (LLMs) and has recently found its way into LoRA fine-tuning. In this work we focus on the scenario where quantization and LoRA fine-tuning are applied together on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Yixiao Li , Yifan Yu , Chen Liang , Pengcheng He , Nikos Karampatziakis , Weizhu Chen , Tuo Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) with chain-of-thought reasoning achieve state-of-the-art performance across complex problem-solving tasks, but their verbose reasoning traces and large context requirements make them impractical for edge…

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods, such as Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), have significantly reduced the number of trainable parameters needed in fine-tuning large language models (LLMs). The developments of LoRA-style adapters…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Yuxuan Gu , Wuyang Zhou , Giorgos Iacovides , Danilo Mandic

Large Language Model (LLM) unlearning aims to remove targeted knowledge from a trained model, but practical deployments often require post-training quantization (PTQ) for efficient inference. However, aggressive low-bit PTQ can mask…

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has become the de facto parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) method for large language models (LLMs) by constraining weight updates to low-rank matrices. Recent works such as Tied-LoRA, VeRA, and VB-LoRA push…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Kaiyang Li , Shaobo Han , Qing Su , Wei Li , Zhipeng Cai , Shihao Ji

Parameter-efficient finetuning (PEFT) aims to mitigate the substantial computational and memory overhead involved in adapting large-scale pretrained models to diverse downstream tasks. Among numerous PEFT strategies, Low-Rank Adaptation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Xiaoshuang Ji , Zhendong Zhao , Xiaoyan Gu , Xiaojun Chen , Xin Zhao , Zeyao Liu

While Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) enables parameter-efficient fine-tuning for Large Language Models (LLMs), its performance often falls short of Full Fine-Tuning (Full FT). Current methods optimize LoRA by initializing with static singular…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Chenghao Fan , Zhenyi Lu , Sichen Liu , Chengfeng Gu , Xiaoye Qu , Wei Wei , Yu Cheng

Finetuned LLMs often exhibit poor uncertainty quantification, manifesting as overconfidence, poor calibration, and unreliable prediction results on test data or out-of-distribution samples. One approach commonly used in vision for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Xi Wang , Laurence Aitchison , Maja Rudolph

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures scale large language models (LLMs) by activating only a subset of experts per token, but the standard TopK routing assigns the same fixed number of experts to all tokens, ignoring their varying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Tiansheng Wen , Yifei Wang , Aosong Feng , Long Ma , Xinyang Liu , Yifan Wang , Lixuan Guo , Bo Chen , Stefanie Jegelka , Chenyu You

With the rapid scaling of large language models (LLMs), serving numerous low-rank adaptations (LoRAs) concurrently has become increasingly impractical, leading to unaffordable costs and necessitating more parameter-efficient finetuning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Sheng Wang , Boyang Xue , Jiacheng Ye , Jiyue Jiang , Liheng Chen , Lingpeng Kong , Chuan Wu

With the productive evolution of large language models (LLMs) in the field of natural language processing (NLP), tons of effort has been made to effectively fine-tune common pre-trained LLMs to fulfill a variety of tasks in one or multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Chao Song , Zhihao Ye , Qiqiang Lin , Qiuying Peng , Jun Wang

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) improves downstream performance by restricting task updates to a low-rank parameter subspace, yet how this limited capacity is allocated within a trained adapter remains unclear. Through a geometric and empirical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Zailong Tian , Yanzhe Chen , Zhuoheng Han , Lizi Liao

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized artificial intelligence, fine-tuning LLMs is extraordinarily computationally expensive, preventing smaller businesses and research teams with limited GPU resources from engaging with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Daniel Frees , Aditri Bhagirath , Moritz Bolling

Low-rank adaptations (LoRAs) have revolutionized the finetuning of large foundation models, enabling efficient adaptation even with limited computational resources. The resulting proliferation of LoRAs presents exciting opportunities for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Theo Putterman , Derek Lim , Yoav Gelberg , Stefanie Jegelka , Haggai Maron

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) enables parameter-efficient fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs), and recent Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) extensions further enhance flexibility by dynamically combining multiple LoRA experts. However, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Lin Mu , Haiyang Wang , Li Ni , Lei Sang , Zhize Wu , Peiquan Jin , Yiwen Zhang