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4D mmWave radar provides weather-robust, velocity-aware measurements and is more cost-effective than LiDAR. However, radar-only 3D detection still trails LiDAR-based systems because radar point clouds are sparse, irregular, and often…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Yichun Xiao , Runwei Guan , Fangqiang Ding

The awareness about moving objects in the surroundings of a self-driving vehicle is essential for safe and reliable autonomous navigation. The interpretation of LiDAR and camera data achieves exceptional results but typically requires to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Matthias Zeller , Vardeep S. Sandhu , Benedikt Mersch , Jens Behley , Michael Heidingsfeld , Cyrill Stachniss

The 4D millimeter-wave (mmWave) radar, with its robustness in extreme environments, extensive detection range, and capabilities for measuring velocity and elevation, has demonstrated significant potential for enhancing the perception…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Zeyu Han , Junkai Jiang , Xiaokang Ding , Qingwen Meng , Shaobing Xu , Lei He , Jianqiang Wang

Far-field imaging beyond the diffraction limit is a long sought-after goal in various imaging applications, which requires usually an array of antennas or mechanical scanning. Here, we present an alternative and novel concept for this…

Optics · Physics 2014-06-10 Lianlin Li , Fang Li , Tiejun Cui , Yunhua Tan , Kan Yao

The performance of perception systems developed for autonomous driving vehicles has seen significant improvements over the last few years. This improvement was associated with the increasing use of LiDAR sensors and point cloud data to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Yahia Dalbah , Jean Lahoud , Hisham Cholakkal

Reliable perception is essential for autonomous driving systems to operate safely under diverse real-world traffic conditions. However, camera- and LiDAR-based perception systems suffer from performance degradation under adverse weather and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Yue Sun , Yeqiang Qian , Zhe Wang , Tianhui Li , Chunxiang Wang , Ming Yang

4D radar measurements offer an affordable and weather-robust solution for 3D perception. However, the inherent sparsity and noise of radar point clouds present significant challenges for accurate 3D object detection, underscoring the need…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Xiaokai Bai , Jiahao Cheng , Songkai Wang , Yixuan Luo , Lianqing Zheng , Xiaohan Zhang , Si-Yuan Cao , Hui-Liang Shen

Radar has shown strong potential for robust perception in autonomous driving; however, raw radar images are frequently degraded by noise and "ghost" artifacts, making object detection based solely on semantic features highly challenging. To…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Shuocheng Yang , Zikun Xu , Jiahao Wang , Shahid Nawaz , Jianqiang Wang , Shaobing Xu

LiDAR perception is severely limited by the distance-dependent sparsity of distant objects. While diffusion models can recover dense geometry, they suffer from prohibitive latency and physical hallucinations manifesting as ghost points. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Zeping Zhang , Robert Laganière

In this paper, we address the limitations of traditional constant false alarm rate (CFAR) target detectors in automotive radars, particularly in complex urban environments with multiple objects that appear as extended targets. We propose a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-18 Ignacio Roldan , Andras Palffy , Julian F. P. Kooij , Dariu M. Gavrila , Francesco Fioranelli , Alexander Yarovoy

Radar perception models are trained with different inputs, from range-Doppler spectra to sparse point clouds. Dense spectra are assumed to outperform sparse point clouds, yet they can vary considerably across sensors and configurations,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Hamza Alsharif , Jing Gu , Pavol Jancura , Satish Ravindran , Gijs Dubbelman

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) radar offers robust sensing capabilities in diverse environments, making it a highly promising solution for human body reconstruction due to its privacy-friendly and non-intrusive nature. However, the significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Jiarui Yang , Songpengcheng Xia , Zengyuan Lai , Lan Sun , Qi Wu , Wenxian Yu , Ling Pei

Millimeter wave (mmWave) sensing is an emerging technology with applications in 3D object characterization and environment mapping. However, realizing precise 3D reconstruction from sparse mmWave signals remains challenging. Existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Xingyu Chen , Xinyu Zhang , Qiyue Xia , Xinmin Fang , Chris Xiaoxuan Lu , Zhengxiong Li

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) Radar--Camera fusion improves perception under adverse illumination and weather, but its performance is sensitive to Radar--Camera extrinsic calibration: residual misalignment biases Radar-to-image projection and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yuting Wan , Liguo Sun , Jiuwu Hao , Pin LV

Recent multimodal fusion methods, integrating images with LiDAR point clouds, have shown promise in scene flow estimation. However, the fusion of 4D millimeter wave radar and LiDAR remains unexplored. Unlike LiDAR, radar is cheaper, more…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Jingyun Fu , Zhiyu Xiang , Na Zhao

Point-pixel registration between LiDAR point clouds and camera images is a fundamental yet challenging task in autonomous driving and robotic perception. A key difficulty lies in the modality gap between unstructured point clouds and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Yu Han , Zhiwei Huang , Yanting Zhang , Fangjun Ding , Shen Cai , Rui Fan

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) radar pointcloud offers attractive potential for 3D sensing, thanks to its robustness in challenging conditions such as smoke and low illumination. However, existing methods failed to simultaneously address the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-28 Ruixu Geng , Yadong Li , Dongheng Zhang , Jincheng Wu , Yating Gao , Yang Hu , Yan Chen

By enabling capturing of 3D point clouds that reflect the geometry of the immediate environment, LiDAR has emerged as a primary sensor for autonomous systems. If a LiDAR scan is too sparse, occluded by obstacles, or too small in range,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Ryan Faulkner , Luke Haub , Simon Ratcliffe , Anh-Dzung Doan , Ian Reid , Tat-Jun Chin

Despite significant advancements in environment perception capabilities for autonomous driving and intelligent robotics, cameras and LiDARs remain notoriously unreliable in low-light conditions and adverse weather, which limits their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Lei Cheng , Siyang Cao

Millimeter-wave (mmW) radar is widely applied to advanced autopilot assistance systems. However, its small antenna aperture causes a low imaging resolution. In this paper, a new distributed mmW radar system is designed to solve this…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-23 Yanqin Xu , Xiaoling Zhang , Shunjun Wei , Jun Shi , Xu Zhan , Tianwen Zhang