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The Bayesian information criterion (BIC), defined as the observed data log likelihood minus a penalty term based on the sample size $N$, is a popular model selection criterion for factor analysis with complete data. This definition has also…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-04-21 Jianhua Zhao , Changchun Shang , Shulan Li , Ling Xin , Philip L. H. Yu

Longitudinal data are common in clinical trials and observational studies, where missing outcomes due to dropouts are always encountered. Under such context with the assumption of missing at random, the weighted generalized estimating…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-04-30 Chixiang Chen , Biyi Shen , Lijun Zhang , Yuan Xue , Ming Wang

It is well known that the integration among different data-sources is reliable because of its potential of unveiling new functionalities of the genomic expressions which might be dormant in a single source analysis. Moreover, different…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-12-08 Arnab Kumar Maity , Sang Chan Lee , Bani K. Mallick , Tapasree Roy Sarkar

Sequence-to-Sequence (seq2seq) tasks transcribe the input sequence to a target sequence. The Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) criterion is widely used in multiple seq2seq tasks. Besides predicting the target sequence, a side…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Jinchuan Tian , Brian Yan , Jianwei Yu , Chao Weng , Dong Yu , Shinji Watanabe

Notions of counterfactual invariance (CI) have proven essential for predictors that are fair, robust, and generalizable in the real world. We propose graphical criteria that yield a sufficient condition for a predictor to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Francesco Quinzan , Cecilia Casolo , Krikamol Muandet , Yucen Luo , Niki Kilbertus

Epidemiologic studies often evaluate the association between an exposure and an event risk. When time-varying, exposure updates usually occur at discrete visits although changes are in continuous time and survival models require values to…

One of the most important queries in knowledge compilation is weighted model counting (WMC), which has been applied to probabilistic inference on various models, such as Bayesian networks. In practical situations on inference tasks, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Kengo Nakamura , Masaaki Nishino , Norihito Yasuda

Learning causal graphs from multivariate time series is a ubiquitous challenge in all application domains dealing with time-dependent systems, such as in Earth sciences, biology, or engineering, to name a few. Recent developments for this…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-02 Kevin Debeire , Jakob Runge , Andreas Gerhardus , Veronika Eyring

We introduce a data-centric hypothesis-testing framework to quantify the influence of sequentially correlated literary properties--such as thematic continuity--on textual classification tasks. Our method models label sequences as stochastic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Gideon Yoffe , Nachum Dershowitz , Ariel Vishne , Barak Sober

Conditional independence (CI) is central to causal inference, feature selection, and graphical modeling, yet it is untestable in many settings without additional assumptions. Existing CI tests often rely on restrictive structural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Alek Frohlich , Vladimir Kostic , Karim Lounici , Daniel Perazzo , Massimiliano Pontil

Clinical trials usually involve sequential patient entry. When designing a clinical trial, it is often desirable to include a provision for interim analyses of accumulating data with the potential for stopping the trial early. We review…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-03-13 Tianjian Zhou , Yuan Ji

Causal inference for observational longitudinal studies often requires the accurate estimation of treatment effects on time-to-event outcomes in the presence of time-dependent patient history and time-dependent covariates. To tackle this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-17 Jie Zhu , Blanca Gallego

We address the problem of two-variable causal inference without intervention. This task is to infer an existing causal relation between two random variables, i.e. $X \rightarrow Y$ or $Y \rightarrow X$ , from purely observational data. As…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-01-07 Maximilian Kurthen , Torsten A. Enßlin

While there have been a lot of recent developments in the context of Bayesian model selection and variable selection for high dimensional linear models, there is not much work in the presence of change point in literature, unlike the…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-02-26 Nilabja Guha , Jyotishka Datta

There is currently a focus on statistical methods which can use historical trial information to help accelerate the discovery, development and delivery of medicine. Bayesian methods can be constructed so that the borrowing is "dynamic" in…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-09-13 Darren A. V. Scott , Alex Lewin

We propose a multiple imputation method based on principal component analysis (PCA) to deal with incomplete continuous data. To reflect the uncertainty of the parameters from one imputation to the next, we use a Bayesian treatment of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-08-20 Vincent Audigier , François Husson , Julie Josse

In the analysis of multivariate spatial and univariate spatio-temporal data, it is commonly recognized that asymmetric dependence may exist, which can be addressed using an asymmetric (matrix or space-time, respectively) covariance function…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-29 Drew Yarger

Our comment on Garc\'ia-Donato et al. (2025). "Model uncertainty and missing data: An objective Bayesian perspective" explores a further extension of the proposed methodology. Specifically, we consider the sequential setting where…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-01 Sebastian Arnold , Alexander Ly

Meta-analysis is widely used to integrate results from multiple experiments to obtain generalized insights. Since meta-analysis datasets are often heteroscedastic due to varying subgroups and temporal heterogeneity arising from experiments…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-19 Kohsuke Kubota , Shonosuke Sugasawa , Keiichi Ochiai , Takahiro Hoshino

Sequential recommendation systems are integral to discerning temporal user preferences. Yet, the task of learning from abbreviated user interaction sequences poses a notable challenge. Data augmentation has been identified as a potent…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Juyong Jiang , Peiyan Zhang , Yingtao Luo , Chaozhuo Li , Jae Boum Kim , Kai Zhang , Senzhang Wang , Sunghun Kim , Philip S. Yu