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Deep learning has become widely used in complex AI applications. Yet, training a deep neural network (DNNs) model requires a considerable amount of calculations, long running time, and much energy. Nowadays, many-core AI accelerators (e.g.,…

Inference-time scaling trades efficiency for increased reasoning accuracy by generating longer or more parallel sequences. However, in Transformer LLMs, generation cost is bottlenecked by the size of the key-value (KV) cache, rather than…

Multi-scale deep neural networks (MscaleDNNs) with downing-scaling mapping have demonstrated superiority over traditional DNNs in approximating target functions characterized by high frequency features. However, the performance of…

Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) support dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) in order to balance computational performance and energy consumption. However, there still lacks simple and accurate performance estimation of a given GPU…

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have succeeded in many different perception tasks, e.g., computer vision, natural language processing, reinforcement learning, etc. The high-performed DNNs heavily rely on intensive resource consumption. For…

Nowadays, many AI applications utilizing resource-constrained edge devices (e.g., small mobile robots, tiny IoT devices, etc.) require Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) inference on a distributed system at the edge due to limited resources…

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have become ubiquitous thanks to their remarkable ability to model complex patterns across various domains such as computer vision, speech recognition, robotics, etc. While large DNN models are often more…

Nowadays, one practical limitation of deep neural network (DNN) is its high degree of specialization to a single task or domain (e.g., one visual domain). It motivates researchers to develop algorithms that can adapt DNN model to multiple…

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have shown capabilities of achieving high accuracy under unsupervised settings and low operational power/energy due to their bio-plausible computations. Previous studies identified that DRAM-based off-chip…

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been widely deployed across diverse domains such as computer vision and natural language processing. However, the impressive accomplishments of DNNs have been realized alongside extensive computational…

Because deep neural networks (DNNs) rely on a large number of parameters and computations, their implementation in energy-constrained systems is challenging. In this paper, we investigate the solution of reducing the supply voltage of the…

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have recently achieved impressive success across a wide range of real-world vision and language processing tasks, spanning from image classification to many other downstream vision tasks, such as object…

Scalability of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) remains a significant challenge. To tackle this, methods like coarsening, condensation, and computation trees are used to train on a smaller graph, resulting in faster computation. Nonetheless,…

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) with sparse input features have been widely used in recommender systems in industry. These models have large memory requirements and need a huge amount of training data. The large model size usually entails a…

While deep neural net inference was considered a task for servers only, latest advances in technology allow the task of inference to be moved to mobile and embedded devices, desired for various reasons ranging from latency to privacy. These…

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are a class of machine learning algorithms used for applications with time-series and sequential data. Recently, there has been a strong interest in executing RNNs on embedded devices. However, difficulties…

Large-scale deep neural networks (DNNs) are both compute and memory intensive. As the size of DNNs continues to grow, it is critical to improve the energy efficiency and performance while maintaining accuracy. For DNNs, the model size is an…

With recent trend of wearable devices and Internet of Things (IoTs), it becomes attractive to develop hardware-based deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) for embedded applications, which require low power/energy consumptions and small…

In this chapter we focus on slack reclamation and propose a new slack reclamation technique, Multiple Frequency Selection DVFS (MFS-DVFS). The key idea is to execute each task with a linear combination of more than one frequency such that…

As the accuracy of machine learning models increases at a fast rate, so does their demand for energy and compute resources. On a low level, the major part of these resources is consumed by data movement between different memory units.…