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Reliable evaluation of large language models is essential to ensure their applicability in practical scenarios. Traditional benchmark-based evaluation methods often rely on fixed reference answers, limiting their ability to capture…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Sujeong Lee , Hayoung Lee , Seongsoo Heo , Wonik Choi

Text-to-image (T2I) generation models have significantly advanced in recent years. However, effective interaction with these models is challenging for average users due to the need for specialized prompt engineering knowledge and the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Minbin Huang , Yanxin Long , Xinchi Deng , Ruihang Chu , Jiangfeng Xiong , Xiaodan Liang , Hong Cheng , Qinglin Lu , Wei Liu

Evaluating the quality of automatically generated image descriptions is challenging, requiring metrics that capture various aspects such as grammaticality, coverage, correctness, and truthfulness. While human evaluation offers valuable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Jia-Hong Huang , Hongyi Zhu , Yixian Shen , Stevan Rudinac , Alessio M. Pacces , Evangelos Kanoulas

Text-to-3D (T23D) generation has emerged as a crucial visual generation task, aiming at synthesizing 3D content from textual descriptions. Studies of this task are currently shifting from per-scene T23D, which requires optimization of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Xiao Cai , Sitong Su , Jingkuan Song , Pengpeng Zeng , Ji Zhang , Qinhong Du , Mengqi Li , Heng Tao Shen , Lianli Gao

Text-to-image (T2I) models have achieved remarkable progress, yet they continue to struggle with complex prompts that require simultaneously handling multiple objects, relations, and attributes. Existing inference-time strategies, such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Shantanu Jaiswal , Mihir Prabhudesai , Nikash Bhardwaj , Zheyang Qin , Amir Zadeh , Chuan Li , Katerina Fragkiadaki , Deepak Pathak

The rapid adoption of large language models in AI-powered language education has created an urgent need for evaluations that assess pedagogical effectiveness, particularly in language learning--one of the most common LLM use cases (Tamkin…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-25 James Edgell , Wm. Matthew Kennedy , Isaac Pattis , Ben Knight , Danielle Carvalho , Elizabeth Wonnacott

Recent text-to-image (T2I) models have benefited from large-scale and high-quality data, demonstrating impressive performance. However, these T2I models still struggle to produce images that are aesthetically pleasing, geometrically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Jianshu Guo , Wenhao Chai , Jie Deng , Hsiang-Wei Huang , Tian Ye , Yichen Xu , Jiawei Zhang , Jenq-Neng Hwang , Gaoang Wang

The recent rapid advancement of Text-to-Video (T2V) generation technologies are engaging the trained models with more world model ability, making the existing benchmarks increasingly insufficient to evaluate state-of-the-art T2V models.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Zeqing Wang , Xinyu Wei , Bairui Li , Zhen Guo , Jinrui Zhang , Hongyang Wei , Keze Wang , Lei Zhang

Despite thousands of researchers, engineers, and artists actively working on improving text-to-image generation models, systems often fail to produce images that accurately align with the text inputs. We introduce TIFA (Text-to-Image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Yushi Hu , Benlin Liu , Jungo Kasai , Yizhong Wang , Mari Ostendorf , Ranjay Krishna , Noah A Smith

Text-to-image diffusion models have achieved remarkable image quality, but they still struggle with complex, multiele ment prompts, and limited stylistic diversity. To address these limitations, we propose a Multi-Expert Planning and Gen…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Yuan Zhao , Lin Liu

Recent advances in text-to-video (T2V) technology, as demonstrated by models such as Runway Gen-3, Pika, Sora, and Kling, have significantly broadened the applicability and popularity of the technology. This progress has created a growing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Zelu Qi , Ping Shi , Shuqi Wang , Chaoyang Zhang , Fei Zhao , Zefeng Ying , Da Pan , Xi Yang , Zheqi He , Teng Dai

Text-to-image (T2I) systems increasingly rely on upstream prompters, either humans or multimodal large language models (MLLMs), to translate user intent into detailed prompts. Yet current benchmarks fix the prompt and only evaluate T2I…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Hanjun Luo , Zhimu Huang , Sylvia Chung , Yiran Wang , Yingbin Jin , Jialin Li , Jiang Li , Xinfeng Li , Hanan Salam

Emotion recognition plays a vital role in enhancing human-computer interaction. In this study, we tackle the MER-SEMI challenge of the MER2025 competition by proposing a novel multimodal emotion recognition framework. To address the issue…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Juewen Hu , Yexin Li , Jiulin Li , Shuo Chen , Pring Wong

Infographics are composite visual artifacts that combine data visualizations with textual and illustrative elements to communicate information. While recent text-to-image (T2I) models can generate aesthetically appealing images, their…

Text-to-image (T2I) models have made substantial progress in generating images from textual prompts. However, they frequently fail to produce images consistent with physical commonsense, a vital capability for applications in world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Fanqing Meng , Wenqi Shao , Lixin Luo , Yahong Wang , Yiran Chen , Quanfeng Lu , Yue Yang , Tianshuo Yang , Kaipeng Zhang , Yu Qiao , Ping Luo

Recent advances in text-to-image (T2I) generation have enabled visually coherent image synthesis from descriptions, but generating images containing multiple given subjects remains challenging. As the number of reference identities…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Yucheng Zhou , Dubing Chen , Huan Zheng , Jianbing Shen

Memes represent a tightly coupled, multimodal form of social expression, in which visual context and overlaid text jointly convey nuanced affect and commentary. Inspired by cognitive reappraisal in psychology, we introduce Meme Reappraisal,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Yiqi Nie , Fei Wang , Junjie Chen , Kun Li , Yudi Cai , Dan Guo , Chenglong Li , Meng Wang

With the ability to generate high-quality images, text-to-image (T2I) models can be exploited for creating inappropriate content. To prevent misuse, existing safety measures are either based on text blacklists, which can be easily…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Runtao Liu , Ashkan Khakzar , Jindong Gu , Qifeng Chen , Philip Torr , Fabio Pizzati

Instilling creativity in text-to-image (T2I) generation presents a significant challenge, as it requires synthesized images to exhibit not only visual novelty and surprise, but also artistic value. Current T2I models, however, are largely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Yue Yu , Haibo Chen , Shuo Chen , Jian Yang , Jun Li

Evaluating text-to-image generative models remains a challenge, despite the remarkable progress being made in their overall performances. While existing metrics like CLIPScore work for coarse evaluations, they lack the sensitivity to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Georgia Gabriela Sampaio , Ruixiang Zhang , Shuangfei Zhai , Jiatao Gu , Josh Susskind , Navdeep Jaitly , Yizhe Zhang