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Text-to-image (T2I) models have advanced creative content generation, yet their reliance on large uncurated datasets often reproduces societal biases. We present FairT2I, a training-free and interactive framework grounded in a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Jinya Sakurai , Yuki Koyama , Issei Sato

Text rendering has recently emerged as one of the most challenging frontiers in visual generation, drawing significant attention from large-scale diffusion and multimodal models. However, text editing within images remains largely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Rui Gui , Yang Wan , Haochen Han , Dongxing Mao , Fangming Liu , Min Li , Alex Jinpeng Wang

The rapid proliferation of multimodal generative models has sparked critical discussions on their reliability, fairness and potential for misuse. While text-to-image models excel at producing high-fidelity, user-guided content, they often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Jordan Vice , Naveed Akhtar , Leonid Sigal , Richard Hartley , Ajmal Mian

Evaluating the alignment between textual prompts and generated images is critical for ensuring the reliability and usability of text-to-image (T2I) models. However, most existing evaluation methods rely on coarse-grained metrics or static…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Fulin Shi , Wenyi Xiao , Bin Chen , Liang Din , Leilei Gan

Accurate interpretation and visualization of human instructions are crucial for text-to-image (T2I) synthesis. However, current models struggle to capture semantic variations from word order changes, and existing evaluations, relying on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Xiangru Zhu , Penglei Sun , Yaoxian Song , Yanghua Xiao , Zhixu Li , Chengyu Wang , Jun Huang , Bei Yang , Xiaoxiao Xu

Text-to-Image (T2I) generation models have been widely adopted across various industries, yet are criticized for frequently exhibiting societal stereotypes. While a growing body of research has emerged to evaluate and mitigate these biases,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Megan Smith , Venkatesh Thirugnana Sambandham , Florian Richter , Laura Crompton , Matthias Uhl , Torsten Schön

Text-to-video (T2V) models have shown remarkable performance in generating visually reasonable scenes, while their capability to leverage world knowledge for ensuring semantic consistency and factual accuracy remains largely understudied.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Yubin Chen , Xuyang Guo , Zhenmei Shi , Zhao Song , Jiahao Zhang

Current multimodal models aim to transcend the limitations of single-modality representations by unifying understanding and generation, often using text-to-image (T2I) tasks to calibrate semantic consistency. However, their reliance on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Juanxi Tian , Siyuan Li , Conghui He , Lijun Wu , Cheng Tan

Text-to-Image (T2I) models have made significant strides in visual realism and semantic consistency, yet they often perpetuate and amplify societal biases. Existing evaluation methods typically address only single-dimensional biases,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Ruyi Chen , Lu Zhou , Xiaogang Xu , Chiyu Zhang , Jiafei Wu , Liming Fang

Layout-guided text-to-image models offer greater control over the generation process by explicitly conditioning image synthesis on the spatial arrangement of elements. As a result, their adoption has increased in many computer vision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Elena Izzo , Luca Parolari , Davide Vezzaro , Lamberto Ballan

Current text-to-image (T2I) benchmarks evaluate models on rigid prompts, potentially underestimating true generative capabilities due to prompt sensitivity and creating biases that favor certain models while disadvantaging others. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Haosheng Gan , Berk Tinaz , Mohammad Shahab Sepehri , Zalan Fabian , Mahdi Soltanolkotabi

Text-to-image (T2I) generative models have recently emerged as a powerful tool, enabling the creation of photo-realistic images and giving rise to a multitude of applications. However, the effective integration of T2I models into…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Zhicai Wang , Longhui Wei , Tan Wang , Heyu Chen , Yanbin Hao , Xiang Wang , Xiangnan He , Qi Tian

Text-to-Image (T2I) models are capable of generating high-quality artistic creations and visual content. However, existing research and evaluation standards predominantly focus on image realism and shallow text-image alignment, lacking a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Yuwei Niu , Munan Ning , Mengren Zheng , Weiyang Jin , Bin Lin , Peng Jin , Jiaqi Liao , Chaoran Feng , Kunpeng Ning , Bin Zhu , Li Yuan

Text-to-Image (T2I) generative models have revolutionized content creation, yet they inherently risk amplifying societal biases. While sociological research provides systematic classifications of bias, existing T2I benchmarks largely…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Hanjun Luo , Zhimu Huang , Haoyu Huang , Ziye Deng , Ruizhe Chen , Xinfeng Li , Zuozhu Liu , Hanan Salam

In recent years, Text-to-Image (T2I) models have been extensively studied, especially with the emergence of diffusion models that achieve state-of-the-art results on T2I synthesis tasks. However, existing benchmarks heavily rely on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Eslam Mohamed Bakr , Pengzhan Sun , Xiaoqian Shen , Faizan Farooq Khan , Li Erran Li , Mohamed Elhoseiny

Text-to-image generation (T2I) refers to the text-guided generation of high-quality images. In the past few years, T2I has attracted widespread attention and numerous works have emerged. In this survey, we comprehensively review 141 works…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Pengfei Yang , Ngai-Man Cheung , Xinda Ma

Text-to-Audio-Video (T2AV) generation is rapidly becoming a core interface for media creation, yet its evaluation remains fragmented. Existing benchmarks largely assess audio and video in isolation or rely on coarse embedding similarity,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Ziwei Zhou , Zeyuan Lai , Rui Wang , Yifan Yang , Zhen Xing , Yuqing Yang , Qi Dai , Lili Qiu , Chong Luo

Text-to-image (T2I) models, while offering immense creative potential, are highly reliant on human intervention, posing significant usability challenges that often necessitate manual, iterative prompt engineering over often underspecified…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Xingchen Wan , Han Zhou , Ruoxi Sun , Hootan Nakhost , Ke Jiang , Rajarishi Sinha , Sercan Ö. Arık

Text-to-Image generative systems are progressing rapidly to be a source of advertisement and media and could soon serve as image searches or artists. However, there is a significant concern about the representativity bias these models…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Asma Yamani , Malak Baslyman

Reasoning is a fundamental capability often required in real-world text-to-image (T2I) generation, e.g., generating ``a bitten apple that has been left in the air for more than a week`` necessitates understanding temporal decay and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Kaijie Chen , Zihao Lin , Zhiyang Xu , Ying Shen , Yuguang Yao , Joy Rimchala , Jiaxin Zhang , Lifu Huang