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Demonstrating subthreshold scaling of a surface-code quantum memory on hardware whose native connectivity does not match the code remains a central challenge. We address this on IBM heavy-hex superconducting processors by co-designing the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-22 Arian Vezvaee , Cesar Benito , Mario Morford-Oberst , Alejandro Bermudez , Daniel A. Lidar

Bias-tailoring allows quantum error correction codes to exploit qubit noise asymmetry. Recently, it was shown that a modified form of the surface code, the XZZX code, exhibits considerably improved performance under biased noise. In this…

To unleash the potential of quantum computers, noise effects on qubits' performance must be carefully managed. The decoders responsible for diagnosing noise-induced computational errors must use resources efficiently to enable scaling to…

The requirements for fault-tolerant quantum error correction can be simplified by leveraging structure in the noise of the underlying hardware. In this work, we identify a new type of structured noise motivated by neutral atom qubits,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-31 Kaavya Sahay , Junlan Jin , Jahan Claes , Jeff D. Thompson , Shruti Puri

Noise in quantum computing is countered with quantum error correction. Achieving optimal performance will require tailoring codes and decoding algorithms to account for features of realistic noise, such as the common situation where the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-02 David K. Tuckett , Stephen D. Bartlett , Steven T. Flammia , Benjamin J. Brown

With the advent of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices, practical quantum computing has seemingly come into reach. However, to go beyond proof-of-principle calculations, the current processing architectures will need to scale up…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-25 Kai Meinerz , Chae-Yeun Park , Simon Trebst

To make practical quantum algorithms work, large-scale quantum processors protected by error-correcting codes are required to resist noise and ensure reliable computational outcomes. However, a major challenge arises from defects in…

Quantum error-correcting codes (QECCs) can eliminate the negative effects of quantum noise, the major obstacle to the execution of quantum algorithms. However, realizing practical quantum error correction (QEC) requires resolving many…

Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for operating quantum computers in the presence of noise. Here, we accurately decode arbitrary Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) codes via the maximum satisfiability (MaxSAT) problem. We show how to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-03 Mohammadreza Noormandipour , Tobias Haug

To avoid prohibitive overheads in performing fault-tolerant quantum computation, the decoding problem needs to be solved accurately and at speeds sufficient for fast feedback. Existing decoding systems fail to satisfy both of these…

Designing high-performance error-correcting codes at short blocklengths is critical for low-latency communication systems, where decoding is governed by finite-length and graph-structural effects rather than asymptotic properties. This…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Atharv Kanchi

Leveraging noise bias, where phase-flip errors dominate over bit-flips, can drastically reduce the hardware overhead of fault-tolerant quantum computation, but existing approaches require bias-preserving CNOT gates whose implementation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-26 Christophe Vuillot , Diego Ruiz , Jérémie Guillaud , Mazyar Mirrahimi

Realizing the full potential of quantum computation requires quantum error correction (QEC), with most recent breakthrough demonstrations of QEC using the surface code. QEC codes use multiple noisy physical qubits to encode information in…

In some quantum computing architectures, Pauli noise is highly biased. Tailoring Quantum error-correcting codes to the biased noise may benefit reducing the physical qubit overhead without reducing the logical error rate. In this paper, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-29 Zhipeng Liang , Fusheng Yang , Zhengzhong Yi , Xuan Wang

We map the decoding problem of the surface code under depolarizing and syndrome noise to a disordered spin model, which we call the random coupled-plaquette gauge model (RCPGM). By coupling X- and Z-syndrome volumes, this model allows us to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-19 Manuel Rispler , Davide Vodola , Markus Müller , Seyong Kim

Quantum annealers (QAs) are specialized quantum computers that minimize objective functions over discrete variables by physically exploiting quantum effects. Current QA platforms allow for the optimization of quadratic objectives defined…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2018-11-07 Zhengbing Bian , Fabian Chudak , William Macready , Aidan Roy , Roberto Sebastiani , Stefano Varotti

We introduce harmonization, an ensembling method that combines several "noisy" decoders to generate highly accurate decoding predictions. Harmonized ensembles of MWPM-based decoders achieve lower logical error rates than their individual…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-18 Noah Shutty , Michael Newman , Benjamin Villalonga

The development and use of large-scale quantum computers relies on integrating quantum error-correcting (QEC) schemes into the quantum computing pipeline. A fundamental part of the QEC protocol is the decoding of the syndrome to identify a…

Quantum annealing aims to exploit quantum mechanics to speed up the search for the solution to optimization problems. Most problems exhibit complete connectivity between the logical spin variables after they are mapped to the Ising spin…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-24 Tameem Albash , Walter Vinci , Daniel A. Lidar

Neural Speech Codecs face a fundamental trade-off at low bitrates: preserving acoustic fidelity often compromises semantic richness. To address this, we introduce SACodec, a novel codec built upon an asymmetric dual-quantizer that employs…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Zhongren Dong , Bin Wang , Jing Han , Haotian Guo , Xiaojun Mo , Yimin Cao , Zixing Zhang