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Online Data-Intensive applications face performance degradation from load variability and resource interference. While Thread State Analysis (TSA) based approaches enable identifying constrained subsystems, they lack the granularity to…
Safety-critical designs need to ensure reliable operations under hostile conditions with a certain degree of confidence. The continuously higher complexity of these designs makes them more susceptible to the risk of failure. ISO26262…
This paper introduces the safety controller architecture as a runtime assurance mechanism for system specifications expressed as safety properties in Linear Temporal Logic (LTL). The safety controller has three fundamental components: a…
Runtime verification (RV) consists in dynamically verifying that the event traces generated by single runs of a system under scrutiny (SUS) are compliant with the formal specification of its expected properties. RML (Runtime Monitoring…
Recent IoT applications gradually adapt more complicated end systems with commodity software. Ensuring the runtime integrity of these software is a challenging task for the remote controller or cloud services. Popular enforcement is the…
Code generation and understanding are critical capabilities for large language models (LLMs). Thus, most LLMs are pretrained and fine-tuned on code data. However, these datasets typically treat code as static strings and rarely exploit the…
Mining specifications from execution traces presents an automated way of capturing characteristic system behaviors. However, existing approaches are largely restricted to Boolean abstractions of events, limiting their ability to express…
Probabilistic Computation Tree Logic (PCTL) is frequently used to formally specify control objectives such as probabilistic reachability and safety. In this work, we focus on model checking PCTL specifications statistically on Markov…
Engineering processes for safety-critical systems describe the steps and sequence that guide engineers from refining user requirements into executable code, as well as producing the artifacts, traces, and evidence that the resulting system…
Implementing correct distributed systems is an error-prone task. Runtime Verification (RV) offers a lightweight formal method to improve reliability by monitoring system executions against correctness properties. However, applying RV in…
Error invariants are assertions that over-approximate the reachable program states at a given position in an error trace while only capturing states that will still lead to failure if execution of the trace is continued from that position.…
Data-Flow Integrity (DFI) is a well-known approach to effectively detecting a wide range of software attacks. However, its real-world application has been quite limited so far because of the prohibitive performance overhead it incurs.…
Networks are difficult to configure correctly, and tricky to debug. These problems are accentuated by temporal and stateful behavior. Static verification, while useful, is ineffectual for detecting behavioral deviations induced by hardware…
We provide a dynamic programming algorithm for the monitoring of a fragment of Timed Propositional Temporal Logic (TPTL) specifications. This fragment of TPTL, which is more expressive than Metric Temporal Logic, is characterized by…
We present and evaluate Spectrum-Based Log Diagnosis (SBLD), a method to help developers quickly diagnose problems found in complex integration and deployment runs. Inspired by Spectrum-Based Fault Localization, SBLD leverages the…
In recent years, there has been considerable effort to modernize existing and new nuclear power plants with digital instrumentation and control systems. However, there has also been considerable concern both by industry and regulatory…
Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) is the de-facto standard temporal logic for system specification, whose foundational properties have been studied for over five decades. Safety and cosafety properties define notable fragments of LTL, where a…
We consider the problem of automatically inferring specifications in the branching-time logic, Computation Tree Logic (CTL), from a given system. Designing functional and usable specifications has always been one of the biggest challenges…
The capability to store data about business processes execution in so-called Event Logs has brought to the diffusion of tools for the analysis of process executions and for the assessment of the goodness of a process model. Nonetheless,…
Solving problems through tool use under explicit constraints constitutes a highly challenging yet unavoidable scenario for large language models (LLMs), requiring capabilities such as function calling, instruction following, and…