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Decision Trees (DTs) are widely used in safety-critical domains such as medical diagnosis, valued for their interpretability and effectiveness on tabular data. However, training accurate oblique DTs is challenging due to complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Subrat Prasad Panda , Blaise Genest , Arvind Easwaran

Decision tree optimization is fundamental to interpretable machine learning. The most popular approach is to greedily search for the best feature at every decision point, which is fast but provably suboptimal. Recent approaches find the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Varun Babbar , Hayden McTavish , Cynthia Rudin , Margo Seltzer

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has recently achieved significant advances in various domains. However, explaining the policy of RL agents still remains an open problem due to several factors, one being the complexity of explaining neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Zihan Ding , Pablo Hernandez-Leal , Gavin Weiguang Ding , Changjian Li , Ruitong Huang

In reliability engineering, we need to understand system dependencies, cause-effect relations, identify critical components, and analyze how they trigger failures. Three prominent graph models commonly used for these purposes are fault…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-10-10 L. A. Jimenez-Roa , T. Heskes , M. Stoelinga

In decision-making problems with limited training data, policy functions approximated using deep neural networks often exhibit suboptimal performance. An alternative approach involves learning a world model from the limited data and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Dixant Mittal , Wee Sun Lee

Bayesian averaging over classification models allows the uncertainty of classification outcomes to be evaluated, which is of crucial importance for making reliable decisions in applications such as financial in which risks have to be…

Decision Trees (DTs) and Random Forests (RFs) are powerful discriminative learners and tools of central importance to the everyday machine learning practitioner and data scientist. Due to their discriminative nature, however, they lack…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-20 Alvaro H. C. Correia , Robert Peharz , Cassio de Campos

Although neural networks are a powerful tool, their widespread use is hindered by the opacity of their decisions and their black-box nature, which result in a lack of trustworthiness. To alleviate this problem, methods in the field of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Helena Monke , Benjamin Fresz , Marco Bernreuther , Yilin Chen , Marco F. Huber

On the one hand, artificial neural networks (ANNs) are commonly labelled as black-boxes, lacking interpretability; an issue that hinders human understanding of ANNs' behaviors. A need exists to generate a meaningful sequential logic of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-19 Duy T. Nguyen , Kathryn E. Kasmarik , Hussein A. Abbass

Decision trees (DTs) and their random forest (RF) extensions are workhorses of classification and regression in Euclidean spaces. However, algorithms for learning in non-Euclidean spaces are still limited. We extend DT and RF algorithms to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Philippe Chlenski , Quentin Chu , Raiyan R. Khan , Kaizhu Du , Antonio Khalil Moretti , Itsik Pe'er

In this manuscript, we show that any neural network with any activation function can be represented as a decision tree. The representation is equivalence and not an approximation, thus keeping the accuracy of the neural network exactly as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Caglar Aytekin

Decision Trees (DTs) are commonly used for many machine learning tasks due to their high degree of interpretability. However, learning a DT from data is a difficult optimization problem, as it is non-convex and non-differentiable.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Sascha Marton , Stefan Lüdtke , Christian Bartelt , Heiner Stuckenschmidt

Recent work has shown that not only decision trees (DTs) may not be interpretable but also proposed a polynomial-time algorithm for computing one PI-explanation of a DT. This paper shows that for a wide range of classifiers, globally…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-24 Xuanxiang Huang , Yacine Izza , Alexey Ignatiev , Joao Marques-Silva

Accurate software effort estimation has been a challenge for many software practitioners and project managers. Underestimation leads to disruption in the projects estimated cost and delivery. On the other hand, overestimation causes…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-08-31 Ali Bou Nassif , Mohammad Azzeh , Luiz Fernando Capretz , Danny Ho

Decision tree learning is increasingly being used for pointwise inference. Important applications include causal heterogenous treatment effects and dynamic policy decisions, as well as conditional quantile regression and design of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-08 Matias D. Cattaneo , Jason M. Klusowski , Peter M. Tian

Decision trees and their ensembles are very popular models of supervised machine learning. In this paper we merge the ideas underlying decision trees, their ensembles and FCA by proposing a new supervised machine learning model which can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Egor Dudyrev , Sergei O. Kuznetsov

Random forests and, more generally, (decision\nobreakdash-)tree ensembles are widely used methods for classification and regression. Recent algorithmic advances allow to compute decision trees that are optimal for various measures such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Christian Komusiewicz , Pascal Kunz , Frank Sommer , Manuel Sorge

Neural networks (NNs) and decision trees (DTs) are both popular models of machine learning, yet coming with mutually exclusive advantages and limitations. To bring the best of the two worlds, a variety of approaches are proposed to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-09 Haoling Li , Jie Song , Mengqi Xue , Haofei Zhang , Jingwen Ye , Lechao Cheng , Mingli Song

In supervised learning, decision trees are valued for their interpretability and performance. While greedy decision tree algorithms like CART remain widely used due to their computational efficiency, they often produce sub-optimal solutions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Hector Kohler , Riad Akrour , Philippe Preux

To tackle the exponentiality associated with NP-hard problems, two paradigms have been proposed. First, Branch & Bound, like Dynamic Programming, achieve efficient exact inference but requires extensive information and analysis about the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-09-13 Julien Weissenberg , Hayko Riemenschneider , Ralf Dragon , Luc Van Gool