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Recent studies have demonstrated that large language models (LLMs) exhibit significant biases in evaluation tasks, particularly in preferentially rating and favoring self-generated content. However, the extent to which this bias manifests…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yen-Shan Chen , Jing Jin , Peng-Ting Kuo , Chao-Wei Huang , Yun-Nung Chen

The paper explores the performance of LLMs in the context of multi-dimensional analytic writing assessments, i.e. their ability to provide both scores and comments based on multiple assessment criteria. Using a corpus of literature reviews…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Zhengxiang Wang , Veronika Makarova , Zhi Li , Jordan Kodner , Owen Rambow

Conversational systems are now capable of producing impressive and generally relevant responses. However, we have no visibility nor control of the socio-emotional strategies behind state-of-the-art Large Language Models (LLMs), which poses…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Lorraine Vanel , Ariel R. Ramos Vela , Alya Yacoubi , Chloé Clavel

The development of chatbots requires collecting a large number of human-chatbot dialogues to reflect the breadth of users' sociodemographic backgrounds and conversational goals. However, the resource requirements to conduct the respective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Hovhannes Tamoyan , Hendrik Schuff , Iryna Gurevych

In modern dialogue systems, the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) has grown exponentially due to their capacity to generate diverse, relevant, and creative responses. Despite their strengths, striking a balance between the LLMs'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Chen Zhang

As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly capable of autonomous decision-making, they introduce new challenges and opportunities for human-AI cooperation in mixed-motive contexts. While prior research has primarily examined AI in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Guanxuan Jiang , Shirao Yang , Yuyang Wang , Pan Hui

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has opened new opportunities to automate software engineering activities that traditionally require substantial manual effort. Among these, class diagram generation represents a critical yet…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Jackson Nguyen , Rui En Koe , Fanyu Wang , Chetan Arora , Alessio Ferrari

Empathetic dialogue is an indispensable part of building harmonious social relationships and contributes to the development of a helpful AI. Previous approaches are mainly based on fine small-scale language models. With the advent of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Yushan Qian , Wei-Nan Zhang , Ting Liu

Automated answer matching, which leverages LLMs to evaluate free-text responses by comparing them to a reference answer, shows substantial promise as a scalable and aligned alternative to human evaluation. However, its reliability requires…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Manas Khatore , Sumana Sridharan , Kevork Sulahian , Benjamin J. Smith , Shi Feng

Humans exhibit remarkable abilities to coordinate in groups. As large language models (LLMs) become more capable, it remains an open question whether they can demonstrate comparable adaptive coordination and whether they use the same…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Sahaj Singh Maini , Robert L. Goldstone , Zoran Tiganj

Humans constantly generate a diverse range of tasks guided by internal motivations. While generative agents powered by large language models (LLMs) aim to simulate this complex behavior, it remains uncertain whether they operate on similar…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Yi-Long Lu , Jiajun Song , Chunhui Zhang , Wei Wang

As Large Language Models (LLMs) transition from static tools to autonomous agents, traditional evaluation benchmarks that measure performance on downstream tasks are becoming insufficient. These methods fail to capture the emergent social…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Zarreen Reza

As AI systems advance in capabilities, measuring their safety and alignment to human values is becoming paramount. A fast-growing field of AI research is devoted to developing such assessments. However, most current advances therein may be…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Max Hellrigel-Holderbaum , Edward James Young

As NLP evaluation shifts from static benchmarks to multi-turn interactive settings, LLM-based simulators have become widely used as user proxies, serving two roles: generating user turns and providing evaluation signals. Yet, these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Xuhui Zhou , Weiwei Sun , Qianou Ma , Yiqing Xie , Jiarui Liu , Weihua Du , Sean Welleck , Yiming Yang , Graham Neubig , Sherry Tongshuang Wu , Maarten Sap

Despite the utility of Large Language Models (LLMs) across a wide range of tasks and scenarios, developing a method for reliably evaluating LLMs across varied contexts continues to be challenging. Modern evaluation approaches often use LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Steffi Chern , Ethan Chern , Graham Neubig , Pengfei Liu

Automatically generating feedback via large language models (LLMs) in intelligent tutoring systems and online learning platforms has the potential to improve the learning outcomes of many students. However, both feedback generation and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Alexander Scarlatos , Digory Smith , Simon Woodhead , Andrew Lan

Conversational question-answering (CQA) systems aim to create interactive search systems that effectively retrieve information by interacting with users. To replicate human-to-human conversations, existing work uses human annotators to play…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Zahra Abbasiantaeb , Yifei Yuan , Evangelos Kanoulas , Mohammad Aliannejadi

As evaluation designs of large language models may shape our trajectory toward artificial general intelligence, comprehensive and forward-looking assessment is essential. Existing benchmarks primarily assess static knowledge, while…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Jiayin Wang , Zhiquang Guo , Weizhi Ma , Min Zhang

LLMs-as-a-judge is a recently popularized method which replaces human judgements in task evaluation (Zheng et al. 2024) with automatic evaluation using LLMs. Due to widespread use of RLHF (Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback),…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Bhuvanashree Murugadoss , Christian Poelitz , Ian Drosos , Vu Le , Nick McKenna , Carina Suzana Negreanu , Chris Parnin , Advait Sarkar

In the multi-turn interaction schema, large language models (LLMs) can leverage user feedback to enhance the quality and relevance of their responses. However, evaluating an LLM's ability to incorporate user refutation feedback is crucial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Jianhao Yan , Yun Luo , Yue Zhang