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Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) systems remain vulnerable to hallucinated answers despite incorporating external knowledge sources. We present LettuceDetect a framework that addresses two critical limitations in existing hallucination…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Ádám Kovács , Gábor Recski

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in various contexts, yet remain prone to generating non-factual content, commonly referred to as "hallucinations". The literature categorizes hallucinations into several types, including…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Samir Abdaljalil , Hasan Kurban , Erchin Serpedin

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has become a main technique for alleviating hallucinations in large language models (LLMs). Despite the integration of RAG, LLMs may still present unsupported or contradictory claims to the retrieved…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Cheng Niu , Yuanhao Wu , Juno Zhu , Siliang Xu , Kashun Shum , Randy Zhong , Juntong Song , Tong Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in language comprehension and generation but are prone to hallucinations, producing factually incorrect or unsupported outputs. Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) systems address this issue by grounding…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Chandana Sree Mala , Gizem Gezici , Fosca Giannotti

Large language models (LLMs) are highly capable but face latency challenges in real-time applications, such as conducting online hallucination detection. To overcome this issue, we propose a novel framework that leverages a small language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Mengya Hu , Rui Xu , Deren Lei , Yaxi Li , Mingyu Wang , Emily Ching , Eslam Kamal , Alex Deng

Detecting hallucinations in large language models (LLMs) is critical for their safety in many applications. Without proper detection, these systems often provide harmful, unreliable answers. In recent years, LLMs have been actively used in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Rodion Oblovatny , Alexandra Kuleshova , Konstantin Polev , Alexey Zaytsev

Hallucinations pose a significant challenge to the reliability of large vision-language models, making their detection essential for ensuring accuracy in critical applications. Current detection methods often rely on computationally…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Eunkyu Park , Minyeong Kim , Gunhee Kim

Recent advancements in massively multilingual machine translation systems have significantly enhanced translation accuracy; however, even the best performing systems still generate hallucinations, severely impacting user trust. Detecting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Kenza Benkirane , Laura Gongas , Shahar Pelles , Naomi Fuchs , Joshua Darmon , Pontus Stenetorp , David Ifeoluwa Adelani , Eduardo Sánchez

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is widely used to augment the input to Large Language Models (LLMs) with external information, such as recent or domain-specific knowledge. Nonetheless, current models still produce closed-domain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Fabian Ridder , Laurin Lessel , Malte Schilling

Large language models (LLMs), including ChatGPT, Bard, and Llama, have achieved remarkable successes over the last two years in a range of different applications. In spite of these successes, there exist concerns that limit the wide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Junliang Luo , Tianyu Li , Di Wu , Michael Jenkin , Steve Liu , Gregory Dudek

Hallucination remains one of the key obstacles to the reliable deployment of large language models (LLMs), particularly in real-world applications. Among various mitigation strategies, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) and reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Yihan Li , Xiyuan Fu , Ghanshyam Verma , Paul Buitelaar , Mingming Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced machine translation but remain vulnerable to hallucinations. Unfortunately, existing MT benchmarks are not capable of exposing failures in multilingual LLMs. To disclose hallucination in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Xinwei Wu , Heng Liu , Jiang Zhou , Xiaohu Zhao , Linlong Xu , Longyue Wang , Weihua Luo , Kaifu Zhang

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown promising improvements, often surpassing existing methods across a wide range of downstream tasks in natural language processing. However, these models still face challenges, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Sujeong Lee , Hayoung Lee , Seongsoo Heo , Wonik Choi

Hallucinations in Large Language Models (LLMs) represent a critical barrier to their reliable deployment, a vulnerability heavily exacerbated in non-English and resource-constrained contexts. Existing detection approaches that rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Riasad Alvi , Nurul Labib Sayeedi , Md. Faiyaz Abdullah Sayeedi

The increasing use of large language models (LLMs) in causal discovery as a substitute for human domain experts highlights the need for optimal model selection. This paper presents the first hallucination survey of popular LLMs for causal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Grace Sng , Yanming Zhang , Klaus Mueller

Hallucinations in large language models remain a persistent challenge, particularly in multilingual and generative settings where factual consistency is difficult to maintain. While recent models show strong performance on English-centric…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Samir Abdaljalil , Parichit Sharma , Erchin Serpedin , Hasan Kurban

This article surveys Evaluation models to automatically detect hallucinations in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), and presents a comprehensive benchmark of their performance across six RAG applications. Methods included in our study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Ashish Sardana

Language models have made significant advancements in understanding and generating human language, achieving remarkable success in various applications. However, evaluating these models remains a challenge, particularly for resource-limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 M. Ali Bayram , Ali Arda Fincan , Ahmet Semih Gümüş , Banu Diri , Savaş Yıldırım , Öner Aytaş

Hallucinations in Large Language Models (LLMs), defined as the generation of content inconsistent with facts or context, represent a core obstacle to their reliable deployment in critical domains. Current research primarily focuses on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Yanyi Liu , Qingwen Yang , Tiezheng Guo , Feiyu Qu , Jun Liu , Yingyou Wen

Concerns regarding the propensity of Large Language Models (LLMs) to produce inaccurate outputs, also known as hallucinations, have escalated. Detecting them is vital for ensuring the reliability of applications relying on LLM-generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Ernesto Quevedo , Jorge Yero , Rachel Koerner , Pablo Rivas , Tomas Cerny
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