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Related papers: Disaggregated Prefill and Decoding Inference Syste…

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Disaggregating the prefill and decoding phases represents an effective new paradigm for generative inference of large language models (LLM), which eliminates prefill-decoding interference and optimizes resource allocation. However, it is…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Youhe Jiang , Ran Yan , Binhang Yuan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained popularity in recent years, driving up the demand for inference. LLM inference is composed of two phases with distinct characteristics: a compute-bound prefill phase followed by a memory-bound decode…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Hengrui Zhang , Pratyush Patel , August Ning , David Wentzlaff

Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly becoming critical infrastructure for enterprise applications, driving unprecedented demand for GPU-based inference services. A key operational challenge arises from the two-phase nature of LLM…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Ruihan Lin , Zezhen Ding , Zean Han , Jiheng Zhang

Prefill-Decode (P/D) disaggregation has emerged as a widely adopted optimization strategy for Large Language Model (LLM) inference. However, there currently exists no well-established methodology for determining the optimal number of P/D…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Luchang Li , Dongfang Li , Bozhao Gong , Yu Zhang

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) exhibit impressive performance in generative tasks but also introduce significant challenges in real-world serving due to inefficient use of the expensive, computation-optimized accelerators.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Shaoyuan Chen , Wencong Xiao , Yutong Lin , Mingxing Zhang , Yingdi Shan , Jinlei Jiang , Kang Chen , Yongwei Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate exceptional capabilities across various tasks, but their deployment is constrained by high computational and memory costs. Model pruning provides an effective means to alleviate these demands.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Hao Zhang , Mengsi Lyu , Zhuo Chen , Xingrun Xing , Yulong Ao , Yonghua Lin

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have been rapidly advancing, enabling cross-modal understanding and generation, and propelling artificial intelligence towards artificial general intelligence. However, existing MLLM inference…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Xianzhe Dong , Tongxuan Liu , Yuting Zeng , Liangyu Liu , Yang Liu , Siyu Wu , Yu Wu , Hailong Yang , Ke Zhang , Jing Li

Efficient LLM inference is critical for real-world applications, especially within heterogeneous GPU clusters commonly found in organizations and on-premise datacenters as GPU architecture rapidly evolves. Current disaggregated prefill…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Yunzhao Liu , Qiang Xu , Y. Charlie Hu

Recent breakthroughs in Large-scale language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance on various tasks. The immense sizes of LLMs have led to very high resource demand and cost for running the models. Though the models are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Juntao Zhao , Borui Wan , Yanghua Peng , Haibin Lin , Chuan Wu

Serving Large Language Models (LLMs) is a GPU-intensive task where traditional autoscalers fall short, particularly for modern Prefill-Decode (P/D) disaggregated architectures. This architectural shift, while powerful, introduces…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Rongzhi Li , Ruogu Du , Zefang Chu , Sida Zhao , Chunlei Han , Zuocheng Shi , Yiwen Shao , Huanle Han , Long Huang , Zherui Liu , Shufan Liu

To meet strict Service-Level Objectives (SLOs),contemporary Large Language Models (LLMs) decouple the prefill and decoding stages and place them on separate GPUs to mitigate the distinct bottlenecks inherent to each phase. However, the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Junhan Liao , Minxian Xu , Wanyi Zheng , Yan Wang , Kejiang Ye , Rajkumar Buyya , Chengzhong Xu

The evolution of Large Language Models from the Transformer architecture to models with trillions of parameters has shifted the primary bottleneck from model training to real time inference. Deploying these massive models is a complex…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Madabattula Rajesh Kumar , Srinivasa Rao Aravilli , Mustafa Saify , Shashank Srivastava

Two widely adopted techniques for LLM inference serving systems today are hybrid batching and disaggregated serving. A hybrid batch combines prefill and decode tokens of different requests in the same batch to improve resource utilization…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Amna Masood , Pratishtha Gaur , Nuwan Jayasena

This work presents a systematic characterization of Large Language Model (LLM) inference to address fragmented understanding. Through comprehensive experiments, we establish a four-dimensional analytical framework: (1) Two-Phase…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Haonan Wang , Xuxin Xiao , Mingyu Yan , Zhuoyuan Zhu , Dengke Han , Duo Wang , Wenming Li , Xiaochun Ye , Cunchen Hu , Hongyang Chen , Guangyu Sun

Existing large language model (LLM) serving systems fall into two categories: 1) a unified system where prefill phase and decode phase are co-located on the same GPU, sharing the unified computational resource and storage, and 2) a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Ke Hong , Lufang Chen , Zhong Wang , Xiuhong Li , Qiuli Mao , Jianping Ma , Chao Xiong , Guanyu Wu , Buhe Han , Guohao Dai , Yun Liang , Yu Wang

Transformer-based large language model (LLM) inference serving is now the backbone of many cloud services. LLM inference consists of a prefill phase and a decode phase. However, existing LLM deployment practices often overlook the distinct…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Cunchen Hu , Heyang Huang , Liangliang Xu , Xusheng Chen , Jiang Xu , Shuang Chen , Hao Feng , Chenxi Wang , Sa Wang , Yungang Bao , Ninghui Sun , Yizhou Shan

Existing works on large language model (LLM) decomposition mainly focus on improving performance on downstream tasks, but they ignore the poor parallel inference performance when trying to scale up the model size. To mitigate this important…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 You-Liang Huang , Xinhao Huang , Chengxi Liao , Zeyi Wen

DistServe improves the performance of large language models (LLMs) serving by disaggregating the prefill and decoding computation. Existing LLM serving systems colocate the two phases and batch the computation of prefill and decoding across…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Yinmin Zhong , Shengyu Liu , Junda Chen , Jianbo Hu , Yibo Zhu , Xuanzhe Liu , Xin Jin , Hao Zhang

Deploying a large language model (LLM) inference service remains costly because centralized serving depends on specialized GPU clusters and high-bandwidth interconnects in datacenters. An appealing alternative is to leverage collaborative…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Chris Tong , Youhe Jiang , Gufeng Chen , Tianyi Zhao , Sibian Lu , Wenjie Qu , Eric Yang , Lynn Ai , Binhang Yuan

Different from traditional Large Language Model (LLM) serving that colocates the prefill and decode stages on the same GPU, disaggregated serving dedicates distinct GPUs to prefill and decode workload. Once the prefill GPU completes its…

Performance · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Jiaxi Li , Yue Zhu , Eun Kyung Lee , Klara Nahrstedt
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