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Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve strong performance across many tasks but suffer from high inference latency due to autoregressive decoding. The issue is exacerbated in Large Reasoning Models (LRMs), which generate lengthy chains of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Ximing Dong , Shaowei Wang , Dayi Lin , Boyuan Chen , Ahmed E. Hassan

Despite the striking advances in recent language generation performance, model-generated responses have suffered from the chronic problem of hallucinations that are either untrue or unfaithful to a given source. Especially in the task of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Yoonna Jang , Suhyune Son , Jeongwoo Lee , Junyoung Son , Yuna Hur , Jungwoo Lim , Hyeonseok Moon , Kisu Yang , Heuiseok Lim

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive results on multi-step mathematical reasoning, yet at the cost of high computational overhead. This challenge is particularly acute for test-time scaling methods such as parallel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yuanlin Chu , Bo Wang , Xiang Liu , Hong Chen , Aiwei Liu , Xuming Hu

Speculative decoding (SD) has emerged as an effective technique to accelerate large language model (LLM) inference without compromising output quality. However, the achievable speedup largely depends on the effectiveness of the drafting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Min Fang , Zhihui Fu , Qibin Zhao , Jun Wang

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized how users access information, shifting from traditional search engines to direct question-and-answer interactions with LLMs. However, the widespread adoption of LLMs has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Weihang Su , Yichen Tang , Qingyao Ai , Changyue Wang , Zhijing Wu , Yiqun Liu

Large language models (LLMs) achieve strong performance by generating long chains of thought, but longer traces always introduce redundant or ineffective reasoning steps. One typical behavior is that they often perform unnecessary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Jinyi Han , Zixiang Di , Zishang Jiang , Ying Liao , Jiaqing Liang , Yongqi Wang , Yanghua Xiao

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has brought a pressing challenge: how to reliably assess hallucinations to guarantee model trustworthiness. Although Automatic Hallucination Evaluation (AHE) has become an indispensable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Siya Qi , Lin Gui , Yulan He , Zheng Yuan

Existing methods to enhance the reasoning capability of large language models predominantly rely on supervised fine-tuning (SFT) followed by reinforcement learning (RL) on reasoning-specific data. These approaches critically depend on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Qingyang Zhang , Haitao Wu , Changqing Zhang , Peilin Zhao , Yatao Bian

Sarcasm detection is a crucial yet challenging Natural Language Processing task. Existing Large Language Model methods are often limited by single-perspective analysis, static reasoning pathways, and a susceptibility to hallucination when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Ziqi Liu , Ziyang Zhou , Yilin Li , Mingxuan Hu , Yushan Pan , Zhijie Xu , Yangbin Chen

We explore uncertainty quantification in large language models (LLMs), with the goal to identify when uncertainty in responses given a query is large. We simultaneously consider both epistemic and aleatoric uncertainties, where the former…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Yasin Abbasi Yadkori , Ilja Kuzborskij , András György , Csaba Szepesvári

Improving the accessibility of psychotherapy with the aid of Large Language Models (LLMs) is garnering a significant attention in recent years. Recognizing cognitive distortions from the interviewee's utterances can be an essential part of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Sehee Lim , Yejin Kim , Chi-Hyun Choi , Jy-yong Sohn , Byung-Hoon Kim

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise for generative and knowledge-intensive tasks including question-answering (QA) tasks. However, the practical deployment still faces challenges, notably the issue of "hallucination", where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Ziwei Ji , Tiezheng Yu , Yan Xu , Nayeon Lee , Etsuko Ishii , Pascale Fung

Complex multi-step reasoning tasks, such as solving mathematical problems, remain challenging for large language models (LLMs). While outcome supervision is commonly used, process supervision via process reward models (PRMs) provides…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Zihuiwen Ye , Luckeciano Carvalho Melo , Younesse Kaddar , Phil Blunsom , Sam Staton , Yarin Gal

While large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities to generate coherent text, they suffer from the issue of hallucinations -- factually inaccurate statements. Among numerous approaches to tackle hallucinations, especially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Juraj Vladika , Ihsan Soydemir , Florian Matthes

Hallucinations present a significant challenge for large language models (LLMs). The utilization of parametric knowledge in generating factual content is constrained by the limited knowledge of LLMs, potentially resulting in internal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Hanxing Ding , Liang Pang , Zihao Wei , Huawei Shen , Xueqi Cheng

Calibration measures whether a model's predicted confidence aligns with its empirical accuracy, and is central to the reliable deployment of large language models (LLMs) in high-stakes domains such as medicine and law. While much recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zhanliang Wang , Jiancong Xiao , Ruochen Jin , Shu Yang , Bojian Hou , Li Shen

While search-augmented large language models (LLMs) exhibit impressive capabilities, their reliability in complex multi-hop reasoning remains limited. This limitation arises from three fundamental challenges: decomposition errors, where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Ziliang Wang , Kang An , Xuhui Zheng , Faqiang Qian , Weikun Zhang , Cijun Ouyang , Jialu Cai , Yuhang Wang , Yichao Wu

Decoding strategies play a central role in shaping the reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs). Traditional methods such as greedy decoding and beam search often suffer from error propagation, while sampling-based approaches…

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) excel at visual understanding but often suffer from visual hallucinations, where they generate descriptions of nonexistent objects, actions, or concepts, posing significant risks in safety-critical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Tsung-Han Wu , Heekyung Lee , Jiaxin Ge , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Trevor Darrell , David M. Chan

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a central component of post-training for large language models (LLMs), particularly for complex reasoning tasks that require stable optimization over long generation horizons. However, achieving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Yuepeng Sheng , Yuwei Huang , Shuman Liu , Anxiang Zeng , Haibo Zhang