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Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into daily life through conversational interfaces, processing user data via natural language inputs and exhibiting advanced reasoning capabilities, which raises new concerns about…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Zhuoyang Li , Yanlai Wu , Yao Li , Xinning Gui , Yuhan Luo

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at producing broadly relevant text, but this generality becomes a limitation when user-specific preferences are required, such as recommending restaurants or planning travel. In these scenarios, users…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Ioannis Tsaknakis , Bingqing Song , Shuyu Gan , Dongyeop Kang , Alfredo Garcia , Gaowen Liu , Charles Fleming , Mingyi Hong

As a cornerstone of modern information access, search engines have become indispensable in everyday life. With the rapid advancements in AI and natural language processing (NLP) technologies, particularly large language models (LLMs),…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Fengran Mo , Kelong Mao , Ziliang Zhao , Hongjin Qian , Haonan Chen , Yiruo Cheng , Xiaoxi Li , Yutao Zhu , Zhicheng Dou , Jian-Yun Nie

Conversational agents powered by large language models (LLMs) are rapidly becoming integral to our daily interactions, generating unprecedented amounts of conversational data. Such datasets offer a powerful lens into societal interests,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Wentao Zhang , Woojeong Kim , Yuntian Deng

Although a growing body of research has begun to describe user--LLM interactions, the picture it paints is largely static; little is known about how individual users change their behavior over time. To address this gap, we analyze the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Rebecca M. M. Hicke , Kiran Tomlinson

Programming assistants powered by large language models (LLMs) have become widely available, with conversational assistants like ChatGPT particularly accessible to novice programmers. However, varied tool capabilities and inconsistent…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Gabrielle O'Brien , Antonio Pedro Santos Alves , Sebastian Baltes , Grischa Liebel , Mircea Lungu , Marcos Kalinowski

Large Language Models (LLMs) are becoming integral to modern software development workflows, assisting developers with code generation, API explanation, and iterative problem-solving through natural language conversations. Despite…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Suzhen Zhong , Ying Zou , Bram Adams

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT can infer personal attributes from seemingly innocuous text, raising privacy risks beyond memorized data leakage. While prior work has demonstrated these risks, little is known about how users…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Synthia Wang , Sai Teja Peddinti , Nina Taft , Nick Feamster

The proliferation of misinformation necessitates scalable, automated fact-checking solutions. Yet, current benchmarks often overlook multilingual and topical diversity. This paper introduces a novel, dynamically extensible data set that…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Lorraine Saju , Arnim Bleier , Jana Lasser , Claudia Wagner

The rapid dissemination of information through social media and the Internet has posed a significant challenge for fact-checking, among others in identifying check-worthy claims that fact-checkers should pay attention to, i.e. filtering…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Yufeng Li , Rrubaa Panchendrarajan , Arkaitz Zubiaga

Large language models (LLMs) have recently driven striking performance improvements across a range of natural language processing tasks. The factual knowledge acquired during pretraining and instruction tuning can be useful in various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Xuming Hu , Junzhe Chen , Xiaochuan Li , Yufei Guo , Lijie Wen , Philip S. Yu , Zhijiang Guo

Recent Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in mimicking fictional characters or real humans in conversational settings. However, the realism and consistency of these responses can be further enhanced by providing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Seokhoon Jeong , Assentay Makhmud

Online disinformation poses a global challenge, placing significant demands on fact-checkers who must verify claims efficiently to prevent the spread of false information. A major issue in this process is the redundant verification of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Ivan Vykopal , Martin Hyben , Robert Moro , Michal Gregor , Jakub Simko

Interpretability tools that offer explanations in the form of a dialogue have demonstrated their efficacy in enhancing users' understanding (Slack et al., 2023; Shen et al., 2023), as one-off explanations may fall short in providing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Qianli Wang , Tatiana Anikina , Nils Feldhus , Josef van Genabith , Leonhard Hennig , Sebastian Möller

In our era of widespread false information, human fact-checkers often face the challenge of duplicating efforts when verifying claims that may have already been addressed in other countries or languages. As false information transcends…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Ivan Vykopal , Matúš Pikuliak , Simon Ostermann , Tatiana Anikina , Michal Gregor , Marián Šimko

We investigate and observe the behaviour and performance of Large Language Model (LLM)-backed chatbots in addressing misinformed prompts and questions with demographic information within the domains of Climate Change and Mental Health.…

Empowering large language models to accurately express confidence in their answers is essential for trustworthy decision-making. Previous confidence elicitation methods, which primarily rely on white-box access to internal model information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Miao Xiong , Zhiyuan Hu , Xinyang Lu , Yifei Li , Jie Fu , Junxian He , Bryan Hooi

Large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, are able to generate human-like, fluent responses for many downstream tasks, e.g., task-oriented dialog and question answering. However, applying LLMs to real-world, mission-critical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Baolin Peng , Michel Galley , Pengcheng He , Hao Cheng , Yujia Xie , Yu Hu , Qiuyuan Huang , Lars Liden , Zhou Yu , Weizhu Chen , Jianfeng Gao

As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly deployed, understanding the complexity and evolution of jailbreaking strategies is critical for AI safety. We present a mass-scale empirical analysis of jailbreak complexity across over 2…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Aldan Creo , Raul Castro Fernandez , Manuel Cebrian

Large language models (LLMs) often need to balance their internal parametric knowledge with external information, such as user beliefs and content from retrieved documents, in real-world scenarios like RAG or chat-based systems. A model's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Shuowei Li , Haoxin Li , Wenda Chu , Yi Fang