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Related papers: Correlation or Causation: Analyzing the Causal Str…

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The rapid advancements in large Language models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced their reasoning capabilities, driven by various strategies such as multi-agent collaboration. However, unlike the well-established performance improvements…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Zihan Chen , Song Wang , Zhen Tan , Xingbo Fu , Zhenyu Lei , Peng Wang , Huan Liu , Cong Shen , Jundong Li

Causal graph recovery is traditionally done using statistical estimation-based methods or based on individual's knowledge about variables of interests. They often suffer from data collection biases and limitations of individuals' knowledge.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Yuzhe Zhang , Yipeng Zhang , Yidong Gan , Lina Yao , Chen Wang

Extracting abstract causal structures and applying them to novel situations is a hallmark of human intelligence. While Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision Language Models (VLMs) have shown strong performance on a wide range of reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Liangru Xiang , Yuxi Ma , Zhihao Cao , Yixin Zhu , Song-Chun Zhu

Recent AI advancements, such as OpenAI's new models, are transforming LLMs into LRMs (Large Reasoning Models) that perform reasoning during inference, taking extra time and compute for higher-quality outputs. We aim to uncover the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Guanghao Ye , Khiem Duc Pham , Xinzhi Zhang , Sivakanth Gopi , Baolin Peng , Beibin Li , Janardhan Kulkarni , Huseyin A. Inan

Causal inference is essential for decision-making but remains challenging for non-experts. While large language models (LLMs) show promise in this domain, their precise causal estimation capabilities are still limited, and the impact of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Junqi Chen , Sirui Chen , Chaochao Lu

Causal reasoning and compositional reasoning are two core aspirations in AI. Measuring the extent of these behaviors requires principled evaluation methods. We explore a unified perspective that considers both behaviors simultaneously,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Jacqueline R. M. A. Maasch , Alihan Hüyük , Xinnuo Xu , Aditya V. Nori , Javier Gonzalez

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being applied to tasks that involve causal reasoning. However, current benchmarks often rely on string matching or surface-level metrics that do not capture whether the output of a model is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Paul He , Yinya Huang , Mrinmaya Sachan , Zhijing Jin

Vision-language models (VLMs) have recently demonstrated strong efficacy as visual assistants that can parse natural queries about the visual content and generate human-like outputs. In this work, we explore the ability of these models to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Yangyi Chen , Karan Sikka , Michael Cogswell , Heng Ji , Ajay Divakaran

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities on not just language tasks, but also various tasks that are not linguistic in nature, such as logical reasoning and social inference. In the human brain, neuroscience has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Badr AlKhamissi , Greta Tuckute , Antoine Bosselut , Martin Schrimpf

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various reasoning and generation tasks. However, their proficiency in complex causal reasoning, discovery, and estimation remains an area of active development, often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Adib Bazgir , Amir Habibdoust , Yuwen Zhang , Xing Song

Agents powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated impressive capabilities in various tasks. Still, they face limitations in tasks requiring specific, structured knowledge, flexibility, or accountable decision-making.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Kostas Hatalis , Despina Christou , Vyshnavi Kondapalli

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has significantly improved large language model (LLM) reasoning in formal domains such as mathematics and code. Despite these advancements, LLMs still struggle with general reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Ashima Suvarna , Kendrick Phan , Mehrab Beikzadeh , Hritik Bansal , Saadia Gabriel

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as a key method for improving Large Language Models' reasoning capabilities, yet recent evidence suggests it may paradoxically shrink the reasoning boundary rather than…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Phuc Minh Nguyen , Chinh D. La , Duy M. H. Nguyen , Nitesh V. Chawla , Binh T. Nguyen , Khoa D. Doan

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has significantly advanced the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) by optimizing them against factual outcomes. However, this paradigm falters in long-context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Guanzheng Chen , Michael Qizhe Shieh , Lidong Bing

Scaling inference compute enhances reasoning in large language models (LLMs), with long chains-of-thought (CoTs) enabling strategies like backtracking and error correction. Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a crucial method for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Edward Yeo , Yuxuan Tong , Morry Niu , Graham Neubig , Xiang Yue

Inductive reasoning is a core problem-solving capacity: humans can identify underlying principles from a few examples, which robustly generalize to novel scenarios. Recent work evaluates large language models (LLMs) on inductive reasoning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Ruocheng Wang , Eric Zelikman , Gabriel Poesia , Yewen Pu , Nick Haber , Noah D. Goodman

Chain-based reasoning methods like chain of thought (CoT) play a rising role in solving reasoning tasks for large language models (LLMs). However, the causal hallucinations between a step of reasoning and corresponding state transitions are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Kangsheng Wang , Xiao Zhang , Juntao Lyu , Tianyu Hu , Huimin Ma

An impediment to using Large Language Models (LLMs) for reasoning output verification is that LLMs struggle to reliably identify errors in thinking traces, particularly in long outputs, domains requiring expert knowledge, and problems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Kate Sanders , Nathaniel Weir , Sapana Chaudhary , Kaj Bostrom , Huzefa Rangwala

Some argue scale is all what is needed to achieve AI, covering even causal models. We make it clear that large language models (LLMs) cannot be causal and give reason onto why sometimes we might feel otherwise. To this end, we define and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Matej Zečević , Moritz Willig , Devendra Singh Dhami , Kristian Kersting

Whether Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) endows Large Language Models (LLMs) with new capabilities or merely elicits latent traces remains a central debate. In this work, we align with the former view, proposing a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Zhilin Wang , Yafu Li , Shunkai Zhang , Zhi Wang , Haoran Zhang , Xiaoye Qu , Yu Cheng