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Simultaneous speech translation (SimulST) systems must balance translation quality with response time, making latency measurement crucial for evaluating their real-world performance. However, there has been a longstanding belief that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Xi Xu , Wenda Xu , Siqi Ouyang , Lei Li

Simultaneous translation on both text and speech focuses on a real-time and low-latency scenario where the model starts translating before reading the complete source input. Evaluating simultaneous translation models is more complex than…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-03 Xutai Ma , Mohammad Javad Dousti , Changhan Wang , Jiatao Gu , Juan Pino

Simultaneous machine translation attempts to translate a source sentence before it is finished being spoken, with applications to translation of spoken language for live streaming and conversation. Since simultaneous systems trade quality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Colin Cherry , George Foster

Current simultaneous speech translation models can process audio only up to a few seconds long. Contemporary datasets provide an oracle segmentation into sentences based on human-annotated transcripts and translations. However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Peter Polák , Ondřej Bojar

Simultaneous speech translation (SimulST) systems aim at generating their output with the lowest possible latency, which is normally computed in terms of Average Lagging (AL). In this paper we highlight that, despite its widespread…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Sara Papi , Marco Gaido , Matteo Negri , Marco Turchi

Simultaneous translation is a task in which the translation begins before the end of an input speech segment. Its evaluation should be conducted based on latency in addition to quality, and for users, the smallest possible amount of latency…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Yasumasa Kano , Katsuhito Sudoh , Satoshi Nakamura

Auto-regressive speech-text models pre-trained on interleaved text tokens and discretized speech tokens demonstrate strong speech understanding and generation, yet remain substantially less compute-efficient than text LLMs, partly due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Yen-Ju Lu , Yashesh Gaur , Wei Zhou , Benjamin Muller , Jesus Villalba , Najim Dehak , Luke Zettlemoyer , Gargi Ghosh , Mike Lewis , Srinivasan Iyer , Duc Le

Simultaneous translation is a task in which translation begins before the speaker has finished speaking. In its evaluation, we have to consider the latency of the translation in addition to the quality. The latency is preferably as small as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Yasumasa Kano , Katsuhito Sudoh , Satoshi Nakamura

Simultaneous machine translation has recently gained traction thanks to significant quality improvements and the advent of streaming applications. Simultaneous translation systems need to find a trade-off between translation quality and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Javier Iranzo-Sánchez , Jorge Civera , Alfons Juan

The challenge of low-latency speech translation has recently draw significant interest in the research community as shown by several publications and shared tasks. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate these different approaches in…

Speech segmentation is an essential part of speech translation (ST) systems in real-world scenarios. Since most ST models are designed to process speech segments, long-form audio must be partitioned into shorter segments before translation.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-18 Jaesong Lee , Soyoon Kim , Hanbyul Kim , Joon Son Chung

Speech-to-Speech and Speech-to-Text translation are currently dynamic areas of research. In our commitment to advance these fields, we present SpeechAlign, a framework designed to evaluate the underexplored field of source-target alignment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Belen Alastruey , Aleix Sant , Gerard I. Gállego , David Dale , Marta R. Costa-jussà

Simultaneous speech-to-speech translation is widely useful but extremely challenging, since it needs to generate target-language speech concurrently with the source-language speech, with only a few seconds delay. In addition, it needs to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Renjie Zheng , Mingbo Ma , Baigong Zheng , Kaibo Liu , Jiahong Yuan , Kenneth Church , Liang Huang

Despite Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrating superior translation performance and long-context capabilities, evaluation methodologies remain constrained to sentence-level assessment due to dataset limitations, token number…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Kuang-Da Wang , Shuoyang Ding , Chao-Han Huck Yang , Ping-Chun Hsieh , Wen-Chih Peng , Vitaly Lavrukhin , Boris Ginsburg

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in Spoken Language Understanding (SLU), where effective multimodal learning depends on the alignment between audio and text. Despite various fusion methods, no standard metric exists to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Pooneh Mousavi , Yingzhi Wang , Mirco Ravanelli , Cem Subakan

User studies have shown that reducing the latency of our simultaneous lecture translation system should be the most important goal. We therefore have worked on several techniques for reducing the latency for both components, the automatic…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-24 Thai Son Nguyen , Jan Niehues , Eunah Cho , Thanh-Le Ha , Kevin Kilgour , Markus Muller , Matthias Sperber , Sebastian Stueker , Alex Waibel

Simultaneous text translation and end-to-end speech translation have recently made great progress but little work has combined these tasks together. We investigate how to adapt simultaneous text translation methods such as wait-k and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-05 Xutai Ma , Juan Pino , Philipp Koehn

While mel-spectrograms have been widely utilized as intermediate representations in zero-shot text-to-speech (TTS), their inherent redundancy leads to inefficiency in learning text-speech alignment. Compact VAE-based latent representations…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-02 Zhikang Niu , Shujie Hu , Jeongsoo Choi , Yushen Chen , Peining Chen , Pengcheng Zhu , Yunting Yang , Bowen Zhang , Jian Zhao , Chunhui Wang , Xie Chen

Speech language models (Speech LMs) enable end-to-end speech-text modeling within a single model, offering a promising direction for spoken dialogue systems. The choice of speech-text jointly decoding paradigm plays a critical role in…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-12 Haibin Wu , Yuxuan Hu , Ruchao Fan , Xiaofei Wang , Kenichi Kumatani , Bo Ren , Jianwei Yu , Heng Lu , Lijuan Wang , Yao Qian , Jinyu Li

Annually, at the Conference of Machine Translation (WMT), the Metrics Shared Task organizers conduct the meta-evaluation of Machine Translation (MT) metrics, ranking them according to their correlation with human judgments. Their results…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Stefano Perrella , Lorenzo Proietti , Alessandro Scirè , Edoardo Barba , Roberto Navigli
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