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Understanding the reliability of large language models (LLMs) has recently garnered significant attention. Given LLMs' propensity to hallucinate, as well as their high sensitivity to prompt design, it is already challenging to predict the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Michael J. Zellinger , Matt Thomson

Large language models (LLMs) have expanded from text to speech, giving rise to Speech Large Models (SLMs) that support recognition, translation, and synthesis. A key challenge is aligning speech and text representations, which becomes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Pei Zhang , Andong Chen , Xi Chen , Baosong Yang , Derek F. Wong , Fei Huang

In spite of their superior performance, neural probabilistic language models (NPLMs) remain far less widely used than n-gram models due to their notoriously long training times, which are measured in weeks even for moderately-sized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-06-07 Andriy Mnih , Yee Whye Teh

Determining the ideal architecture for deep learning models, such as the number of layers and neurons, is a difficult and resource-intensive process that frequently relies on human tuning or computationally costly optimization approaches.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Saad Hameed , Basheer Qolomany , Samir Brahim Belhaouari , Mohamed Abdallah , Junaid Qadir , Ala Al-Fuqaha

Large language models (LLMs), endowed with exceptional reasoning capabilities, are adept at discerning profound user interests from historical behaviors, thereby presenting a promising avenue for the advancement of recommendation systems.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Guanghan Li , Xun Zhang , Yufei Zhang , Yifan Yin , Guojun Yin , Wei Lin

Current large language models (LLMs) generally show a significant performance gap in alignment between English and other languages. To bridge this gap, existing research typically leverages the model's responses in English as a reference to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Xue Zhang , Yunlong Liang , Fandong Meng , Songming Zhang , Yufeng Chen , Jinan Xu , Jie Zhou

Optimizing large language models (LLMs) for multi-turn conversational outcomes remains a significant challenge, especially in goal-oriented settings like AI marketing or sales agents who facilitate transactions via messaging platforms. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Daniel R. Jiang , Jalaj Bhandari , Yukai Yang , Rémi Munos , Tyler Lu

This paper addresses the limited transfer and adaptation capabilities of large language models in low-resource language scenarios. It proposes a unified framework that combines a knowledge transfer module with parameter-efficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Shuangquan Lyu , Yingnan Deng , Guiran Liu , Zhen Qi , Ruotong Wang

Time series forecasting plays a significant role in finance, energy, meteorology, and IoT applications. Recent studies have leveraged the generalization capabilities of large language models (LLMs) to adapt to time series forecasting,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Hao Liu , Xiaoxing Zhang , Chun Yang , Xiaobin Zhu

Recent advancements in tool learning have enabled large language models (LLMs) to integrate external tools, enhancing their task performance by expanding their knowledge boundaries. However, relying on tools often introduces tradeoffs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Hongshen Xu , Zihan Wang , Zichen Zhu , Lei Pan , Xingyu Chen , Lu Chen , Kai Yu

We study the use of large language models (LLMs) for physics instrument design and compare their performance to reinforcement learning (RL). Using only prompting, LLMs are given task constraints and summaries of prior high-scoring designs…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-01-13 Sara Zoccheddu , Shah Rukh Qasim , Patrick Owen , Nicola Serra

Large language models such as GPT and Llama are trained with a next-token prediction loss. In this work, we suggest that training language models to predict multiple future tokens at once results in higher sample efficiency. More…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Athul Radhakrishnan , Siddhant Mohan , Mahima Sachdeva

The generative nature of Large Language Models (LLMs) is reflected in the conditional probabilities they compute to sample each response token given the previous tokens. These probabilities encode the distributional structure that the model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Shilpika Shilpika , Carlo Graziani , Bethany Lusch , Venkatram Vishwanath , Michael E. Papka

Machine learning for tabular data remains constrained by poor schema generalization, a challenge rooted in the lack of semantic understanding of structured variables. This challenge is particularly acute in domains like clinical medicine,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Hongxi Mao , Wei Zhou , Mengting Jia , Tao Fang , Huan Gao , Bin Zhang , Shangyang Li

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in machine translation (MT), even without specific training on the languages in question. However, translating rare words in low-resource or domain-specific contexts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Shangfeng Chen , Xiayang Shi , Pu Li , Yinlin Li , Jingjing Liu

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to automate feature engineering in tabular learning. Given task-specific information, LLMs can propose diverse feature transformation operations to enhance downstream model performance.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Zhuoyan Li , Aditya Bansal , Jinzhao Li , Shishuang He , Zhuoran Lu , Mutian Zhang , Qin Liu , Yiwei Yang , Swati Jain , Ming Yin , Yunyao Li

Adapting large language models (LLMs) to new languages typically involves continual pre-training (CT) followed by supervised fine-tuning (SFT). However, this CT-then-SFT approach struggles with limited data in the context of low-resource…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Mingxu Tao , Chen Zhang , Quzhe Huang , Tianyao Ma , Songfang Huang , Dongyan Zhao , Yansong Feng

While large language models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities across numerous applications, their robustness remains a critical concern. This paper is motivated by a specific vulnerability: the order sensitivity of LLMs. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Beni Egressy , Jan Stühmer

Fusing knowledge from multiple Large Language Models (LLMs) can combine their diverse strengths to achieve improved performance on a given task. However, current fusion approaches either rely on learning-based fusers that do not generalize…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Costas Mavromatis , Petros Karypis , George Karypis

This paper presents an integrated systematic study of the performance of large language models (LLMs), specifically ChatGPT, for automatically formulating and solving Stochastic Optimization (SO) problems from natural language descriptions.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Amirreza Talebi