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When combining Large Language Models (LLMs) with autonomous agents, used in network monitoring and decision-making systems, this will create serious security issues. In this research, the MAESTRO framework consisting of the seven layers…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Pallavi Zambare , Venkata Nikhil Thanikella , Ying Liu

As autonomous coding agents become deeply embedded in software development workflows, their high operational velocity introduces a critical oversight challenge: the accumulating divergence between agentic actions and architectural intent.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Matteo Casserini , Alessandro Facchini , Andrea Ferrario

Agentic AI systems increasingly act through tool-augmented, multi-step workflows whose failures (unsafe tool use, unauthorised actions, social harm) carry deployment-level consequences. Evaluation practice remains fragmented across isolated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Jinhu Qi , Yifan Li , Minghao Zhao , Wentao Zhang , Zijian Zhang , Yaoman Li , Irwin King

In recent years, AI red teaming has emerged as a practice for probing the safety and security of generative AI systems. Due to the nascency of the field, there are many open questions about how red teaming operations should be conducted.…

The rise of agentic AI systems, where agents collaborate to perform diverse tasks, poses new challenges with observing, analyzing and optimizing their behavior. Traditional evaluation and benchmarking approaches struggle to handle the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Dany Moshkovich , Hadar Mulian , Sergey Zeltyn , Natti Eder , Inna Skarbovsky , Roy Abitbol

Security Operations Centers (SOCs) increasingly encounter difficulties in correlating heterogeneous alerts, interpreting multi-stage attack progressions, and selecting safe and effective response actions. This study introduces AgentSOC, a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Joyjit Roy , Samaresh Kumar Singh

Generative models are rapidly gaining popularity and being integrated into everyday applications, raising concerns over their safe use as various vulnerabilities are exposed. In light of this, the field of red teaming is undergoing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Lizhi Lin , Honglin Mu , Zenan Zhai , Minghan Wang , Yuxia Wang , Renxi Wang , Junjie Gao , Yixuan Zhang , Wanxiang Che , Timothy Baldwin , Xudong Han , Haonan Li

Red-teaming is a core part of the infrastructure that ensures that AI models do not produce harmful content. Unlike past technologies, the black box nature of generative AI systems necessitates a uniquely interactional mode of testing, one…

Although LLM-based agents, powered by Large Language Models (LLMs), can use external tools and memory mechanisms to solve complex real-world tasks, they may also introduce critical security vulnerabilities. However, the existing literature…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Hanrong Zhang , Jingyuan Huang , Kai Mei , Yifei Yao , Zhenting Wang , Chenlu Zhan , Hongwei Wang , Yongfeng Zhang

Agentic AI systems -- Large Language Models (LLMs) augmented with planning, tool use, memory, and long-horizon interactions -- can execute complex tasks autonomously, but their multi-step trajectories introduce new failure modes that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jinhu Qi , Muzhi Li , Jiahong Liu , Yuqin Shu , Dianzhi Yu , Shicheng Ma , Wenqian Cui , Yiyang Zhao , Yiyi Chen , Ruoxi Jiang , Irwin King , Zenglin Xu

While individual components of agentic architectures have been studied in isolation, there remains limited empirical understanding of how different design dimensions interact within complex multi-agent systems. This study aims to address…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Tara Bogavelli , Roshnee Sharma , Hari Subramani

As language models (LMs) are used to build autonomous agents in real environments, ensuring their adversarial robustness becomes a critical challenge. Unlike chatbots, agents are compound systems with multiple components taking actions,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Chen Henry Wu , Rishi Shah , Jing Yu Koh , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Daniel Fried , Aditi Raghunathan

Adversarial examples can be useful for identifying vulnerabilities in AI systems before they are deployed. In reinforcement learning (RL), adversarial policies can be developed by training an adversarial agent to minimize a target agent's…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Stephen Casper , Taylor Killian , Gabriel Kreiman , Dylan Hadfield-Menell

Prompt injection remains a central obstacle to the safe deployment of large language models, particularly in multi-agent settings where intermediate outputs can propagate or amplify malicious instructions. Building on earlier work that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Diego Gosmar , Deborah A. Dahl

Despite the growing capabilities of autonomous agents powered by large language models (LLMs), their adoption in high-stakes domains remains limited. A key barrier is security: the inherently nondeterministic behavior of LLM agents defies…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Adam AlSayyad , Kelvin Yuxiang Huang , Richik Pal

Agents in dynamic multi-agent environments must monitor their peers to execute individual and group plans. A key open question is how much monitoring of other agents' states is required to be effective: The Monitoring Selectivity Problem.…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2011-06-02 G. A. Kaminka , M. Tambe

From automated intrusion testing to discovery of zero-day attacks before software launch, agentic AI calls for great promises in security engineering. This strong capability is bound with a similar threat: the security and research…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Brian Challita , Pierre Parrend

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) and agentic AI systems are increasingly prevalent in enterprise AI deployments. However, real enterprise environments introduce challenges largely absent from academic treatments and consumer-facing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Francisco Javier Arceo , Varsha Prasad Narsing

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as autonomous agents that execute tool-augmented, multi-step tasks, where latency is a critical factor for real-world applications. Yet an overlooked threat is Reasoning-Level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xinyu Li , Ronghui Mu , Lin Li , Tianjin Huang , Gaojie Jin

Current test-time scaling (TTS) techniques enhance large language model (LLM) performance by allocating additional computation at inference time, yet they remain insufficient for agentic settings, where actions directly interact with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Xingshan Zeng , Lingzhi Wang , Weiwen Liu , Liangyou Li , Yasheng Wang , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu