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Let $G$ be a finite, connected graph and $v$ a vertex of $G$. The average distance and the eccentricity of $v$ in $G$ are defined as the arithmetic mean and the maximum, respectively, of the distances from $v$ to all other vertices of $G$.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-15 Peter Dankelmann , Sonwabile Mafunda , Sufiyan Mallu

For a connected graph $G$, the Wiener index, denoted by $W(G)$, is the sum of the distance of all pairs of distinct vertices and the eccentricity, denoted by $\varepsilon(G)$, is the sum of the eccentricity of individual vertices. In…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-04-08 Joyentanuj Das , Ritabrata Jana

The eccentricity of a vertex, $ecc_T(v) = \max_{u\in T} d_T(v,u)$, was one of the first, distance-based, tree invariants studied. The total eccentricity of a tree, $Ecc(T)$, is the sum of eccentricities of its vertices. We determine…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-05-12 Heather Smith , László Székely , Hua Wang

Due to the increasing discovery and implementation of networks within all disciplines of life, the study of subgraph connectivity has become increasingly important. Motivated by the idea of community (or sub-graph) detection within a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-05-19 Linda Eroh , Henry Escuardo , Ralucca Gera , Samuel Prahlow , Karl R. B. Schmitt

For a symmetric bivariable function $f(x,y)$, let the {\it connectivity function} of a connected graph $G$ be $M_f(G)=\sum_{uv\in E(G)}f(d(u),d(v))$, where $d(u)$ is the degree of vertex $u$. In this paper, we prove that for an escalating…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-09-07 Muhuo Liu , Kexiang Xu , Xiao-Dong Zhang

The atom-bond connectivity (ABC) index is a degree-based topological index. It was introduced due to its applications in modeling the properties of certain molecular structures and has been since extensively studied. In this note, we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-08-26 Xiu-Mei Zhang , Yu Yang , Hua Wang , Xiao-Dong Zhang

For a connected graph $G$ of order at least $2$ and $S\subseteq V(G)$, the \emph{Steiner distance} $d_G(S)$ among the vertices of $S$ is the minimum size among all connected subgraphs whose vertex sets contain $S$. Let $n$ and $k$ be two…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Yaping Mao , Eddie Cheng , Zhao Wang

Let $G=(V,E)$ be a connected graph, let $v\in V$ be a vertex and let $e=uw\in E$ be an edge. The distance between the vertex $v$ and the edge $e$ is given by $d_G(e,v)=\min\{d_G(u,v),d_G(w,v)\}$. A vertex $w\in V$ distinguishes two edges…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-02-02 Aleksander Kelenc , Niko Tratnik , Ismael G. Yero

The eccentricity of a vertex $v$ in a graph $G$ is the maximum distance from $v$ to any other vertex. The vertices whose eccentricity are equal to the diameter (the maximum eccentricity) of $G$ are called peripheral vertices. In trees the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-09-02 Ya-Hong Chen , Hua Wang , Xiao-Dong Zhang

For a set $S$ of vertices and the vertex $v$ in a connected graph $G$, $\displaystyle\max_{x \in S}d(x,v)$ is called the $S$-eccentricity of $v$ in $G$. The set of vertices with minimum $S$-eccentricity is called the $S$-center of $G$. Any…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2013-12-12 Ram Kumar. R , Kannan Balakrishnan , Manoj Changat , A. Sreekumar , Prasanth G. Narasimha-Shenoi

The Randi{\' c} index of a graph $G$, written $R(G)$, is the sum of $\frac 1{\sqrt{d(u)d(v)}}$ over all edges $uv$ in $E(G)$. %let $R(G)=\sum_{uv \in E(G)} \frac 1{\sqrt{d(u)d(v)}}$, which is called the Randi{\' c} index of it. Let $d$ and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-05-18 Suil O , Yongtang Shi

An $\epsilon$-distance-uniform graph is one in which from every vertex, all but an $\epsilon$-fraction of the remaining vertices are at some fixed distance $d$, called the critical distance. We consider the maximum possible value of $d$ in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-08-18 Mikhail Lavrov , Po-Shen Loh , Arnau Messegué

The \emph{distance-number} of a graph $G$ is the minimum number of distinct edge-lengths over all straight-line drawings of $G$ in the plane. This definition generalises many well-known concepts in combinatorial geometry. We consider the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-09-09 Paz Carmi , Vida Dujmović , Pat Morin , David R. Wood

The average distance of a vertex $v$ of a connected graph $G$ is the arithmetic mean of the distances from $v$ to all other vertices of $G$. The proximity $\pi(G)$ and the remoteness $\rho(G)$ of $G$ are the minimum and the maximum of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Peter Dankelmann , Sonwabile Mafunda , Sufiyan Mallu

An $n$-tuple $D=(d(1),\dots,d(n))$ is a \emph{feasible degree sequence} if there is a graph on $\{1,\dots,n\}$ such that $i$ has degree $d(i)$. Any such graph will have $m=\sum_{i=1}^n d(i)/2$ edges. Letting $G(D)$ be a graph chosen…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-29 Louigi Addario-Berry , Bruce Reed , Dao Chen Yuan

A large number of graph invariants of the form $\sum_{uv \in E(G)} F(d_u,d_v)$ are studied in mathematical chemistry, where $uv$ denotes the edge of the graph $G$ connecting the vertices $u$ and $v$, and $d_u$ is the degree of the vertex…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-06-07 Walter Carballosa , J. A. Mendez-Bermudez , Jose M. Rodriguez , Jose M. Sigarreta

We obtain the maximum sum-connectivity indices of graphs in the set of trees and in the set of unicyclic graphs respectively with given number of vertices and maximum degree, and determine the corresponding extremal graphs. Additionally, we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-10-19 Zhibin Du , Bo Zhou , Nenad Trinajstic

The harmonic index of a graph $G$ is defined as the sum of weights $\frac{2}{deg(v) + deg(u)}$ of all edges $uv$ of $E (G)$, where $deg (v)$ denotes the degree of a vertex $v$ in $V (G)$. In this note we generalize results of [L. Zhong, The…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-04-17 Aleksandar Ilic

The Zero divisor Graph of a commutative ring $R$, denoted by $\Gamma[R]$, is a graph whose vertices are non-zero zero divisors of $R$ and two vertices are adjacent if their product is zero. Chemical graph theory is a branch of mathematical…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2020-01-07 B. Surendranath Reddy , Rupali S. Jain , N. Laxmikanth

Let $G$ be a finite, simple connected graph. The average distance of a vertex $v$ of $G$ is the arithmetic mean of the distances from $v$ to all other vertices of $G$. The remoteness $\rho(G)$ of $G$ is the maximum of the average distances…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-27 Peter Dankelmann , Sonwabile Mafunda , Sufiyan Mallu