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Related papers: Difficulty-Aware Score Generation for Piano Sight-…

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We present a statistical-modelling method for piano reduction, i.e. converting an ensemble score into piano scores, that can control performance difficulty. While previous studies have focused on describing the condition for playable piano…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-10-26 Eita Nakamura , Kazuyoshi Yoshii

Despite its potential, AI advances in music education are hindered by proprietary systems that limit the democratization of technology in this domain. In particular, AI-driven music difficulty adjustment is especially promising, as…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Pedro Ramoneda , Emilia Parada-Cabaleiro , Dasaem Jeong , Xavier Serra

Curriculum learning--ordering training examples in a sequence to aid machine learning--takes inspiration from human learning, but has not gained widespread acceptance. Static strategies for scoring item difficulty rely on indirect proxy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Zhenwei Tang , Amogh Inamdar , Ashton Anderson , Richard Zemel

Predicting the difficulty of playing a musical score is essential for structuring and exploring score collections. Despite its importance for music education, the automatic difficulty classification of piano scores is not yet solved, mainly…

Recent work has proposed training machine learning models to predict aesthetic ratings for music audio. Our work explores whether such models can be used to finetune a symbolic music generation system with reinforcement learning, and what…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Nicolas Jonason , Luca Casini , Bob L. T. Sturm

In this paper, we introduce score difficulty classification as a sub-task of music information retrieval (MIR), which may be used in music education technologies, for personalised curriculum generation, and score retrieval. We introduce a…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-03-25 Pedro Ramoneda , Nazif Can Tamer , Vsevolod Eremenko , Xavier Serra , Marius Miron

Learning musical structures and composition patterns is necessary for both music generation and understanding, but current methods do not make uniform use of learned features to generate and comprehend music simultaneously. In this paper,…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Xiao Liang , Zijian Zhao , Weichao Zeng , Yutong He , Fupeng He , Yiyi Wang , Chengying Gao

It has recently been shown that reinforcement learning can be used to train generators capable of producing high-quality game levels, with quality defined in terms of some user-specified heuristic. To ensure that these generators' output is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-10 Sam Earle , Maria Edwards , Ahmed Khalifa , Philip Bontrager , Julian Togelius

In this paper, we propose and investigate the use of neural audio codec language models for the automatic generation of sample-based musical instruments based on text or reference audio prompts. Our approach extends a generative audio…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-23 Shahan Nercessian , Johannes Imort , Ninon Devis , Frederik Blang

In this paper, we explore the tokenized representation of musical scores using the Transformer model to automatically generate musical scores. Thus far, sequence models have yielded fruitful results with note-level (MIDI-equivalent)…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Masahiro Suzuki

The task of learning the piano has been a centuries-old challenge for novices, experts and technologists. Several innovations have been introduced to support proper posture, movement, and motivation, while sight-reading and improvisation…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-11-14 Jordan Aiko Deja

While score based generative models, or diffusion models, have found success in image synthesis, they are often coupled with text data or image label to be able to manipulate and conditionally generate images. Even though manipulation of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Sandesh Ghimire , Armand Comas , Davin Hill , Aria Masoomi , Octavia Camps , Jennifer Dy

We introduce a structure-aware approach for symbolic piano accompaniment that decouples high-level planning from note-level realization. A lightweight transformer predicts an interpretable, per-measure style plan conditioned on…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Wanyu Zang , Yang Yu , Meng Yu

Humans have been developing and playing musical instruments for millennia. With technological advancements, instruments were becoming ever more sophisticated. In recent decades computer-supported innovations have also been introduced in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-11-04 Jordan Aiko Deja , Sven Mayer , Klen Čopič Pucihar , Matjaž Kljun

Song generation is regarded as the most challenging problem in music AIGC; nonetheless, existing approaches have yet to fully overcome four persistent limitations: controllability, generalizability, perceptual quality, and duration. We…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Tongxi Wang , Yang Yu , Qing Wang , Junlang Qian

Automatically generating symbolic music-music scores tailored to specific human needs-can be highly beneficial for musicians and enthusiasts. Recent studies have shown promising results using extensive datasets and advanced transformer…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Yangyang Shu , Haiming Xu , Ziqin Zhou , Anton van den Hengel , Lingqiao Liu

Although a variety of transformers have been proposed for symbolic music generation in recent years, there is still little comprehensive study on how specific design choices affect the quality of the generated music. In this work, we…

The automated creation of accurate musical notation from an expressive human performance is a fundamental task in computational musicology. To this end, we present an end-to-end deep learning approach that constructs detailed musical scores…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Tim Beyer , Angela Dai

Generating music with deep neural networks has been an area of active research in recent years. While the quality of generated samples has been steadily increasing, most methods are only able to exert minimal control over the generated…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Dimitri von Rütte , Luca Biggio , Yannic Kilcher , Thomas Hofmann

We propose a system for rendering a symbolic piano performance with flexible musical expression. It is necessary to actively control musical expression for creating a new music performance that conveys various emotions or nuances. However,…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Seungyeon Rhyu , Sarah Kim , Kyogu Lee
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