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Infrared small target (IRST) detection is challenging in simultaneously achieving precise, robust, and efficient performance due to extremely dim targets and strong interference. Current learning-based methods attempt to leverage ``more"…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Ruojing Li , Wei An , Yingqian Wang , Xinyi Ying , Yimian Dai , Longguang Wang , Miao Li , Yulan Guo , Li Liu

Infrared small target detection (IRSTD) is crucial for surveillance and early-warning, with deployments spanning both single-frame analysis and video-mode tracking. A practical solution should leverage vision foundation models (VFMs) to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Qian Xu , Xi Li , Fei Gao , Jie Guo , Haojuan Yuan , Shuaipeng Fan , Mingjin Zhang

Recently, infrared small target detection with single-point supervision has attracted extensive attention. However, the detection accuracy of existing methods has difficulty meeting actual needs. Therefore, we propose an innovative refined…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Jinmiao Zhao , Zelin Shi , Chuang Yu , Yunpeng Liu

Recently, single-frame infrared small target (SIRST) detection technology has attracted widespread attention. Different from most existing deep learning-based methods that focus on improving network architectures, we propose a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Jinmiao Zhao , Zelin Shi , Chuang Yu , Yunpeng Liu , Yimian Dai

Omni-domain infrared small target detection (Omni-IRSTD) poses formidable challenges, as a single model must seamlessly adapt to diverse imaging systems, varying resolutions, and multiple spectral bands simultaneously. Current approaches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Yangting Shi , Yinfei Zhu , Renjie He , Le Hui , Meng Cai , Ming-Ming Cheng , Yimian Dai

Infrared small target detection (IRSTD) is critical for applications like remote sensing and surveillance, which aims to identify small, low-contrast targets against complex backgrounds. However, existing methods often struggle with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Shuying Li , Qiang Ma , San Zhang , Chuang Yang

We propose a target driven adaptive (TDA) loss to enhance the performance of infrared small target detection (IRSTD). Prior works have used loss functions, such as binary cross-entropy loss and IoU loss, to train segmentation models for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yuho Shoji , Takahiro Toizumi , Atsushi Ito

The infrared small-dim target detection is one of the key techniques in the infrared search and tracking system. Since the local regions similar to infrared small-dim targets spread over the whole background, exploring the interaction…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-12 Fangcen Liu , Chenqiang Gao , Fang Chen , Deyu Meng , Wangmeng Zuo , Xinbo Gao

Resolving closely-spaced small targets in dense clusters presents a significant challenge in infrared imaging, as the overlapping signals hinder precise determination of their quantity, sub-pixel positions, and radiation intensities. While…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Shengdong Han , Shangdong Yang , Xin Zhang , Yuxuan Li , Xiang Li , Jian Yang , Ming-Ming Cheng , Yimian Dai

Current CNN-based infrared small target detection(IRSTD) methods generally overlook the heterogeneity between shallow and deep features, leading to inefficient collaboration between shallow fine grained structural information and deep…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Taoran Yue , Xiaojin Lu , Jiaxi Cai , Yuanping Chen , Shibing Chu

In recent years, the detection of infrared small targets using deep learning methods has garnered substantial attention due to notable advancements. To improve the detection capability of small targets, these methods commonly maintain a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Qianchen Mao , Qiang Li , Bingshu Wang , Yongjun Zhang , Tao Dai , C. L. Philip Chen

Infrared small target detection plays a crucial role in military reconnaissance and air defense systems. However,existing low-rank sparse based methods still face high computational complexity when dealing with low-contrast small targets…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-04 Ke-Xin Li

Infrared small target detection (IRSTD) aims to identify and distinguish small targets from complex backgrounds. Leveraging the powerful multi-scale feature fusion capability of the U-Net architecture, IRSTD has achieved significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Yingmei Zhang , Wangtao Bao , Yong Yang , Weiguo Wan , Qin Xiao , Xueting Zou

Single-frame InfraRed Small Target (SIRST) detection has been a challenging task due to a lack of inherent characteristics, imprecise bounding box regression, a scarcity of real-world datasets, and sensitive localization evaluation. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Yimian Dai , Xiang Li , Fei Zhou , Yulei Qian , Yaohong Chen , Jian Yang

Infrared small target detection (IRSTD) remains challenging due to the scarcity of useful target cues and the presence of severe background clutter. Most current methods rely on conventional feature learning and local interaction modeling,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Qianwen Ma , Yang Xu , Shangwei Deng , Xiaobo Li , Haofeng Hu

Infrared small target detection plays an important role in the infrared search and tracking applications. In recent years, deep learning techniques were introduced to this task and achieved noteworthy effects. Following general object…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-15 Fang Chen , Chenqiang Gao , Fangcen Liu , Yue Zhao , Yuxi Zhou , Deyu Meng , Wangmeng Zuo

Infrared Small Target Detection is a challenging task to separate small targets from infrared clutter background. Recently, deep learning paradigms have achieved promising results. However, these data-driven methods need plenty of manual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Haoqing Li , Jinfu Yang , Yifei Xu , Runshi Wang

Infrared small target detection (IRSTD) faces significant challenges due to the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), small target size, and complex cluttered backgrounds. Although recent DETR-based detectors benefit from global context…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Yuteng Liu , Duanni Meng , Maoxun Yuan , Xingxing Wei

Infrared small target detection in an infrared search and track (IRST) system is a challenging task. This situation becomes more complicated when high gray-intensity structural backgrounds appear in the field of view (FoV) of the infrared…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Saed Moradi , Payman Moallem , Mohamad Farzan Sabahi

Due to the limitation of the optical lens focal length and the resolution of the infrared detector, distant Closely-Spaced Infrared Small Target (CSIST) groups typically appear as mixing spots in the infrared image. In this paper, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Ximeng Zhai , Bohan Xu , Yaohong Chen , Hao Wang , Kehua Guo , Yimian Dai