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Algebraic techniques have had an important impact on graph algorithms so far. Porting them, e.g., the matrix inverse, into the dynamic regime improved best-known bounds for various dynamic graph problems. In this paper, we develop new…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Adam Karczmarz , Piotr Sankowski

Given a field $F$, an \'etale extension $L/F$ and an Azumaya algebra $A/L$, one knows that there are extensions $E/F$ such that $A \otimes_F E$ is a split algebra over $L \otimes_F E$. In this paper we bound the degree of a minimal…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Daniel Krashen

In this paper, we show exponential lower bounds for the class of homogeneous depth-$5$ circuits over all small finite fields. More formally, we show that there is an explicit family $\{P_d : d \in \mathbb{N}\}$ of polynomials in…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-07-02 Mrinal Kumar , Ramprasad Saptharishi

The field of knowledge compilation establishes the tractability of many tasks by studying how to compile them to Boolean circuit classes obeying some requirements such as structuredness, decomposability, and determinism. However, in other…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-01-20 Antoine Amarilli , Florent Capelli , Mikaël Monet , Pierre Senellart

In this note we show that unsatisfiable systems of linear equations with a constant number of variables per equation over prime finite fields have polynomial-size constant-degree semi-algebraic proofs of unsatisfiability. These are proofs…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-02-16 Albert Atserias

We prove that if conditions I-II (below) hold and there is a sequence of Boolean functions $f_n$ hard to approximate by p-size circuits such that p-size circuit lower bounds for $f_n$ do not have p-size proofs in Extended Frege system EF,…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-12-14 Jan Pich , Rahul Santhanam

We study the *refuter* problems for proof complexity lower bounds. Suppose $\varphi$ is a hard tautology that does not admit any length-$s$ proof in some proof system $P$. In the corresponding refuter problem, we are given (query access to)…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Jiawei Li , Yuhao Li , Hanlin Ren

We study the power of negation in the Boolean and algebraic settings and show the following results. * We construct a family of polynomials $P_n$ in $n$ variables, all of whose monomials have positive coefficients, such that $P_n$ can be…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Bruno Cavalar , Théo Borém Fabris , Partha Mukhopadhyay , Srikanth Srinivasan , Amir Yehudayoff

The problem of constructing explicit functions which cannot be approximated by low degree polynomials has been extensively studied in computational complexity, motivated by applications in circuit lower bounds, pseudo-randomness,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-12-16 Abhishek Bhowmick , Shachar Lovett

Ratios of D-finite sequences and their limits -- known as Ap\'ery limits -- have driven much of the work on irrationality proofs since Ap\'ery's 1979 breakthrough proof of the irrationality of $\zeta(3)$. We extend ratios of D-finite…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-14 Shachar Weinbaum , Elyasheev Leibtag , Rotem Kalisch , Michael Shalyt , Ido Kaminer

We show that the GCD of two univariate polynomials can be computed by (piece-wise) algebraic circuits of constant depth and polynomial size over any sufficiently large field, regardless of the characteristic. This extends a recent result of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Somnath Bhattacharjee , Mrinal Kumar , Shanthanu Rai , Varun Ramanathan , Ramprasad Saptharishi , Shubhangi Saraf

The stability and convergence analysis of high-order numerical approximations for the one- and two-dimensional nonlocal wave equations on unbounded spatial domains are considered. We first use the quadrature-based finite difference schemes…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-11-09 Jihong Wang , Jerry Zhijian Yang , Jiwei Zhang

Decision \textsc{dnnf} (a.k.a. $\wedge_d$-\textsc{fbdd}) is an important special case of Decomposable Negation Normal Form (\textsc{dnnf}), a landmark knowledge compilation model. Like other known \textsc{dnnf} restrictions, Decision…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Andrea Calí , Igor Razgon

We make progress on some questions related to polynomial approximations of ${\rm AC}^0$. It is known, by works of Tarui (Theoret. Comput. Sci. 1993) and Beigel, Reingold, and Spielman (Proc. $6$th CCC, 1991), that any ${\rm AC}^0$ circuit…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Prahladh Harsha , Srikanth Srinivasan

People believe that depth plays an important role in success of deep neural networks (DNN). However, this belief lacks solid theoretical justifications as far as we know. We investigate role of depth from perspective of margin bound. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-12-01 Shizhao Sun , Wei Chen , Liwei Wang , Xiaoguang Liu , Tie-Yan Liu

While efficient randomized algorithms for factorization of polynomials given by algebraic circuits have been known for decades, obtaining an even slightly non-trivial deterministic algorithm for this problem has remained an open question of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Somnath Bhattacharjee , Mrinal Kumar , Varun Ramanathan , Ramprasad Saptharishi , Shubhangi Saraf

The canonical class in the realm of counting complexity is #P. It is well known that the problem of counting the models of a propositional formula in disjunctive normal form (#DNF) is complete for #P under Turing reductions. On the other…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Max Bannach , Erik D. Demaine , Timothy Gomez , Markus Hecher

In their paper on the "chasm at depth four", Agrawal and Vinay have shown that polynomials in m variables of degree O(m) which admit arithmetic circuits of size 2^o(m) also admit arithmetic circuits of depth four and size 2^o(m). This…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2012-03-26 Pascal Koiran

Proofs of the fundamental theorem of algebra can be divided up into three groups according to the techniques involved: proofs that rely on real or complex analysis, algebraic proofs, and topological proofs. Algebraic proofs make use of the…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2015-04-23 Piotr Błaszczyk

We introduce the polynomial coefficient matrix and identify maximum rank of this matrix under variable substitution as a complexity measure for multivariate polynomials. We use our techniques to prove super-polynomial lower bounds against…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2013-02-15 Mrinal Kumar , Gaurav Maheshwari , Jayalal Sarma M. N