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This paper introduces and analyzes an improved Q-learning algorithm for discrete-time linear time-invariant systems. The proposed method does not require any knowledge of the system dynamics, and it enjoys significant efficiency advantages…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-03 Victor G. Lopez , Mohammad Alsalti , Matthias A. Müller

This article presents a unified approach to quadratic optimal control for both linear and nonlinear discrete-time systems, with a focus on trajectory tracking. The control strategy is based on minimizing a quadratic cost function that…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-25 Igor Ladnik

Model-free approaches for reinforcement learning (RL) and continuous control find policies based only on past states and rewards, without fitting a model of the system dynamics. They are appealing as they are general purpose and easy to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-09 Yasin Abbasi-Yadkori , Nevena Lazic , Csaba Szepesvari

This paper presents a novel value iteration (VI) algorithm for finding the optimal control for a kind of infinite-horizon stochastic linear quadratic (SLQ) problem with unknown systems. First, an off-line algorithm is estabilished to obtain…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-03-15 Guangchen Wang , Heng Zhang

Presented is an algorithm to synthesize an infinite-horizon LQR optimal feedback controller for continuous-time systems. The algorithm does not require knowledge of the system dynamics, but instead uses only a finite-length sampling of…

Q-learning is a promising method for solving optimal control problems for uncertain systems without the explicit need for system identification. However, approaches for continuous-time Q-learning have limited provable safety guarantees,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-30 Soutrik Bandyopadhyay , Shubhendu Bhasin

This paper investigates a model-free solution to the stochastic linear quadratic regulation (LQR) problem for linear discrete-time systems with both multiplicative and additive noises. We formulate the stochastic LQR problem as a nonconvex…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-25 Jing Guo , Xiushan Jiang , Weihai Zhang

We consider the task of learning to control a linear dynamical system under fixed quadratic costs, known as the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) problem. While model-free approaches are often favorable in practice, thus far only model-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Asaf Cassel , Tomer Koren

In this paper, two Q-learning (QL) methods are proposed and their convergence theories are established for addressing the model-free optimal control problem of general nonlinear continuous-time systems. By introducing the Q-function for…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2014-10-14 Biao Luo , Derong Liu , Tingwen Huang

Consider a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) problem being solved in a model-free manner using the policy gradient approach. If the gradient of the quadratic cost is being transmitted across a rate-limited channel, both the convergence and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-09-20 Lintao Ye , Aritra Mitra , Vijay Gupta

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms for real-world robotic applications need a data-efficient learning process and the ability to handle complex, unknown dynamical systems. These requirements are handled well by model-based and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2017-06-20 Yevgen Chebotar , Karol Hausman , Marvin Zhang , Gaurav Sukhatme , Stefan Schaal , Sergey Levine

We study reinforcement learning (RL) for a class of continuous-time linear-quadratic (LQ) control problems for diffusions, where states are scalar-valued and running control rewards are absent but volatilities of the state processes depend…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Yilie Huang , Yanwei Jia , Xun Yu Zhou

Presented is an algorithm to synthesize the optimal infinite-horizon LQR feedback controller for continuous-time systems. The algorithm does not require knowledge of the system dynamics but instead uses only a finite-length sampling of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-16 Sean Bowerfind , Matthew R. Kirchner , Gary Hewer

Reinforcement learning (RL) is an effective approach for solving optimal control problems without knowing the exact information of the system model. However, the classical Q-learning method, a model-free RL algorithm, has its limitations,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-06-04 Xiushan Jiang , Weihai Zhang

This paper is concerned with the linear quadratic optimal control of discrete-time time-varying system with terminal state constraint. The main contribution is to propose a Q-learning algorithm for the optimal controller when the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-07-20 Juanjuan Xu , Jingmei Liu , Zhaorong Zhang , Wei Wang

We propose controller synthesis for state regulation problems in which a human operator shares control with an autonomy system, running in parallel. The autonomy system continuously improves over human action, with minimal intervention, and…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-09-23 Murad Abu-Khalaf , Sertac Karaman , Daniela Rus

In this report, linear quadratic regulator is used to design adaptive cruise control system. In the regulator, Q and R parameters vary with time according to current traffic situations. Phase-plant method is used to give constraints on Q…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-06 Yuncheng Jiang

In this paper, an off-policy reinforcement learning algorithm is designed to solve the continuous-time LQR problem using only input-state data measured from the system. Different from other algorithms in the literature, we propose the use…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-03 Victor G. Lopez , Matthias A. Müller

This paper studies the linear quadratic regulation (LQR) problem of unknown discrete-time systems via dynamic output feedback learning control. In contrast to the state feedback, the optimality of the dynamic output feedback control for…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-29 Kedi Xie , Martin Guay , Shimin Wang , Fang Deng , Maobin Lu

A promising method for constructing a data-driven output-feedback control law involves the construction of a model-free observer. The Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) optimal control policy can then be obtained by both policy-iteration (PI)…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-24 Liquan Lin , Haoyan Lin , Jie Huang
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