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Score-based diffusion models, which generate new data by learning to reverse a diffusion process that perturbs data from the target distribution into noise, have achieved remarkable success across various generative tasks. Despite their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Gen Li , Yuling Yan

Despite the remarkable empirical success of score-based diffusion models, their statistical guarantees remain underdeveloped. Existing analyses often provide pessimistic convergence rates that do not reflect the intrinsic low-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-24 Saptarshi Chakraborty , Quentin Berthet , Peter L. Bartlett

Sampling from the posterior is a key technical problem in Bayesian statistics. Rigorous guarantees are difficult to obtain for Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithms of common use. In this paper, we study an alternative class of algorithms…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-08-26 Andrea Montanari , Yuchen Wu

Score-based diffusion models have emerged as powerful techniques for generating samples from high-dimensional data distributions. These models involve a two-phase process: first, injecting noise to transform the data distribution into a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Runjia Li , Qiwei Di , Quanquan Gu

Diffusion models have emerged as a powerful class of generative models, achieving state-of-the-art results in continuous data domains such as image and video generation. Their core mechanism involves a forward diffusion process that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Ashen Weligalle

Diffusion models perform remarkably well on high-dimensional data such as images, often using only a modest number of reverse-time steps. Despite this practical success, existing convergence theory does not fully explain why such samplers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Ahmad Aghapour , Erhan Bayraktar

Diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable performance in generating high-dimensional samples across domains such as vision, language, and the sciences. Although continuous-state diffusion models have been extensively studied both…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Aadithya Srikanth , Mudit Gaur , Vaneet Aggarwal

Score-based diffusion models, while achieving minimax optimality for sampling, are often hampered by slow sampling speeds due to the high computational burden of score function evaluations. Despite the recent remarkable empirical advances…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Gen Li , Changxiao Cai

Discrete diffusion language models (dLLMs) provide a fast and flexible alternative to autoregressive models (ARMs) via iterative denoising with parallel updates. However, their evaluation is challenging: existing metrics conflate denoiser…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Luhan Tang , Longxuan Yu , Shaorong Zhang , Greg Ver Steeg

Despite their groundbreaking performance for many generative modeling tasks, diffusion models have fallen short on discrete data domains such as natural language. Crucially, standard diffusion models rely on the well-established theory of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-10 Aaron Lou , Chenlin Meng , Stefano Ermon

Diffusion models are a new class of generative models that revolve around the estimation of the score function associated with a stochastic differential equation. Subsequent to its acquisition, the approximated score function is then…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-09-13 Giovanni Conforti , Alain Durmus , Marta Gentiloni Silveri

Discrete diffusion models have emerged as powerful tools for high-quality data generation. Despite their success in discrete spaces, such as text generation tasks, the acceleration of discrete diffusion models remains under-explored. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Zixiang Chen , Huizhuo Yuan , Yongqian Li , Yiwen Kou , Junkai Zhang , Quanquan Gu

Learning to sample from intractable distributions over discrete sets without relying on corresponding training data is a central problem in a wide range of fields, including Combinatorial Optimization. Currently, popular deep learning-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Sebastian Sanokowski , Sepp Hochreiter , Sebastian Lehner

Discrete diffusion models are a class of generative models that construct sequences by progressively denoising samples from a categorical noise distribution. Beyond their rapidly growing ability to generate coherent natural language, these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Michael Cardei , Jacob K Christopher , Thomas Hartvigsen , Bhavya Kailkhura , Ferdinando Fioretto

Discrete diffusion models have achieved strong empirical performance in text and other symbolic domains, with masked (absorbing-rate) variants emerging as competitive alternatives to autoregressive models. Among existing samplers, the Euler…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Yuchen Liang , Zhiheng Tan , Ness Shroff , Yingbin Liang

We provide new convergence guarantees in Wasserstein distance for diffusion-based generative models, covering both stochastic (DDPM-like) and deterministic (DDIM-like) sampling methods. We introduce a simple framework to analyze…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Eliot Beyler , Francis Bach

We develop a Bayesian inference method for diffusions observed discretely and with noise, which is free of discretisation bias. Unlike existing unbiased inference methods, our method does not rely on exact simulation techniques. Instead,…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-03-10 Neil K. Chada , Jordan Franks , Ajay Jasra , Kody J. H. Law , Matti Vihola

Diffusion models have shown remarkable empirical success in sampling from rich multi-modal distributions. Their inference relies on numerically solving a certain differential equation. This differential equation cannot be solved in closed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Khashayar Gatmiry , Sitan Chen , Adil Salim

Diffusion generative models synthesize samples by discretizing reverse-time dynamics driven by a learned score (or denoiser). Existing convergence analyses of diffusion models typically scale at least linearly with the ambient dimension,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Ahmad Aghapour , Erhan Bayraktar , Ziqing Zhang

We develop a unified and easy to use framework to study robust fully discrete numerical methods for nonlinear degenerate diffusion equations $$ \partial_t u-\mathfrak{L}^{\sigma,\mu}[\varphi(u)]=f \quad\quad\text{in}\quad\quad…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-06-20 Félix del Teso , Jørgen Endal , Espen R. Jakobsen