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Most pseudo-label selection strategies in semi-supervised learning rely on fixed confidence thresholds, implicitly assuming that prediction confidence reliably indicates correctness. In practice, deep networks are often overconfident:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Jinshi Liu , Pan Liu , Lei He

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) can reduce the need for large labelled datasets by incorporating unlabelled data into the training. This is particularly interesting for semantic segmentation, where labelling data is very costly and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Sebastian Scherer , Robin Schön , Rainer Lienhart

The crux of semi-supervised semantic segmentation is to assign adequate pseudo-labels to the pixels of unlabeled images. A common practice is to select the highly confident predictions as the pseudo ground-truth, but it leads to a problem…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Yuchao Wang , Haochen Wang , Yujun Shen , Jingjing Fei , Wei Li , Guoqiang Jin , Liwei Wu , Rui Zhao , Xinyi Le

State-of-the-art semi-supervised learning (SSL) approaches rely on highly confident predictions to serve as pseudo-labels that guide the training on unlabeled samples. An inherent drawback of this strategy stems from the quality of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Shambhavi Mishra , Balamurali Murugesan , Ismail Ben Ayed , Marco Pedersoli , Jose Dolz

This paper looks at semi-supervised learning (SSL) for image-based text recognition. One of the most popular SSL approaches is pseudo-labeling (PL). PL approaches assign labels to unlabeled data before re-training the model with a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-10 Gaurav Patel , Jan Allebach , Qiang Qiu

Semi-supervised learning has been well developed to help reduce the cost of manual labelling by exploiting a large quantity of unlabelled data. Especially in the application of land cover classification, pixel-level manual labelling in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Wanli Ma , Oktay Karakus , Paul L. Rosin

Pseudo-label-based semi-supervised learning (SSL) has achieved great success on raw data utilization. However, its training procedure suffers from confirmation bias due to the noise contained in self-generated artificial labels. Moreover,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-12 Fan Yang , Kai Wu , Shuyi Zhang , Guannan Jiang , Yong Liu , Feng Zheng , Wei Zhang , Chengjie Wang , Long Zeng

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) provides a powerful framework for leveraging unlabeled data when labels are limited or expensive to obtain. SSL algorithms based on deep neural networks have recently proven successful on standard benchmark…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Jiaxing Wang , Yin Zheng , Xiaoshuang Chen , Junzhou Huang , Jian Cheng

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has achieved great success in leveraging a large amount of unlabeled data to learn a promising classifier. A popular approach is pseudo-labeling that generates pseudo labels only for those unlabeled data with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Qinyi Deng , Yong Guo , Zhibang Yang , Haolin Pan , Jian Chen

Recent advances in semi-supervised learning (SSL) demonstrate that a combination of consistency regularization and pseudo-labeling can effectively improve image classification accuracy in the low-data regime. Compared to classification,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Yuliang Zou , Zizhao Zhang , Han Zhang , Chun-Liang Li , Xiao Bian , Jia-Bin Huang , Tomas Pfister

It is well known that the success of deep neural networks is greatly attributed to large-scale labeled datasets. However, it can be extremely time-consuming and laborious to collect sufficient high-quality labeled data in most practical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-18 Yao Yao , Junyi Shen , Jin Xu , Bin Zhong , Li Xiao

Pseudo supervision is regarded as the core idea in semi-supervised learning for semantic segmentation, and there is always a tradeoff between utilizing only the high-quality pseudo labels and leveraging all the pseudo labels. Addressing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Siqi Fan , Fenghua Zhu , Zunlei Feng , Yisheng Lv , Mingli Song , Fei-Yue Wang

We propose a novel semi-supervised learning (SSL) method that adopts selective training with pseudo labels. In our method, we generate hard pseudo-labels and also estimate their confidence, which represents how likely each pseudo-label is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Masato Ishii

Current 3D semi-supervised segmentation methods face significant challenges such as limited consideration of contextual information and the inability to generate reliable pseudo-labels for effective unsupervised data use. To address these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Sanaz Karimijafarbigloo , Reza Azad , Yury Velichko , Ulas Bagci , Dorit Merhof

Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) is important for reducing the annotation cost for medical image segmentation models. State-of-the-art SSL methods such as Mean Teacher, FixMatch and Cross Pseudo Supervision (CPS) are mainly based on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Weiren Zhao , Lanfeng Zhong , Xin Liao , Wenjun Liao , Sichuan Zhang , Shaoting Zhang , Guotai Wang

The lack of labeled data is a common challenge in speech classification tasks, particularly those requiring extensive subjective assessment, such as cognitive state classification. In this work, we propose a Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL)…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-01 Yuanchao Li , Zixing Zhang , Jing Han , Peter Bell , Catherine Lai

Recent breakthroughs in semi-supervised semantic segmentation have been developed through contrastive learning. In prevalent pixel-wise contrastive learning solutions, the model maps pixels to deterministic representations and regularizes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-19 Haoyu Xie , Changqi Wang , Mingkai Zheng , Minjing Dong , Shan You , Chong Fu , Chang Xu

Federated Semi-Supervised Learning (FSSL) aims to leverage unlabeled data across clients with limited labeled data to train a global model with strong generalization ability. Most FSSL methods rely on consistency regularization with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Yijie Liu , Xinyi Shang , Yiqun Zhang , Yang Lu , Chen Gong , Jing-Hao Xue , Hanzi Wang

Semi-supervised learning is a critical tool in reducing machine learning's dependence on labeled data. It has been successfully applied to structured data, such as images and natural language, by exploiting the inherent spatial and semantic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Vu Nguyen , Hisham Husain , Sachin Farfade , Anton van den Hengel

Semi-supervised semantic segmentation methods leverage unlabeled data by pseudo-labeling them. Thus the success of these methods hinges on the reliablility of the pseudo-labels. Existing methods mostly choose high-confidence pixels in an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Prantik Howlader , Hieu Le , Dimitris Samaras
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