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In his survey "Beyond graph energy: Norms of graphs and matrices" (2016), Nikiforov proposed two problems concerning characterizing the graphs that attain equality in a lower bound and in a upper bound for the energy of a graph,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-10-06 N. E. Arévalo , R. O. Braga , V. M. Rodrigues

An even hole is an induced chordless cycle of even length at least four. A diamond is an induced subgraph isomorphic to K_4-e. We show that graphs without even holes and without diamonds can be decomposed via clique-separators into graphs…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-04-21 Ton Kloks

We study a family of graphs related to the $n$-cube. The middle cube graph of parameter $k$ is the subgraph of $Q_{2k-1}$ induced by the set of vertices whose binary representation has either $k-1$ or $k$ number of ones. The middle cube…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-08-12 C. Dalfó , M. A. Fiol , M. Mitjana

We propose a framework for thinking about eccentricity in terms of blocks. We extend the familiar definitions of radius and center to blocks and verify that a central block contains all central points. We classify graphs into two types…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-22 Margaret I. Doig

We introduce shortcut graphs and groups. Shortcut graphs are graphs in which cycles cannot embed without metric distortion. Shortcut groups are groups which act properly and cocompactly on shortcut graphs. These notions unify a surprisingly…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2021-09-10 Nima Hoda

In the past decades, graphs that are determined by their spectrum have received more attention, since they have been applied to several fields, such as randomized algorithms, combinatorial optimization problems and machine learning. An…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-06-27 Ali Zeydi Abdian , Afshin Behmaram , Gholam Hossein Fath-Tabar

Graph convexity spaces have been studied in many contexts. In particular, some studies are devoted to determine if a graph equipped with a convexity space is a {\em convex geometry}. It is well known that chordal and Ptolemaic graphs can be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-03-14 Marisa Gutierrez , Fábio Protti , Silvia B. Tondato

Characterized are all simple undirected graphs $G$ such that any real symmetric matrix that has graph $G$ has no eigenvalues of multiplicity more than 2. All such graphs are partial 2-trees (and this follows from a result for rather general…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Charles R. Johnson , Raphael Loewy , Paul Anthony Smith

The commuting conjugacy class graph of a non-abelian group $G$, denoted by $\mathcal{CCC}(G)$, is a simple undirected graph whose vertex set is the set of conjugacy classes of the non-central elements of $G$ and two distinct vertices $x^G$…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2020-03-13 Parthajit Bhowal , Rajat Kanti Nath

The eccentricity matrix $\varepsilon(G)$ of a graph $G$ is obtained from the distance matrix by retaining the eccentricities (the largest distance) in each row and each column. In this paper, we give a characterization of the star graph,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-09-13 Iswar Mahato , R. Gurusamy , M. Rajesh Kannan , S. Arockiaraj

We investigate conditions on a graph $C^*$-algebra for the existence of a faithful semifinite trace. Using such a trace and the natural gauge action of the circle on the graph algebra, we construct a smooth $(1,\infty)$-summable semfinite…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2007-05-23 David Pask , Adam Rennie

The $k$-token graph $F_k(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the graph whose vertices are the $k$-subsets of vertices from $G$, two of which being adjacent whenever their symmetric difference is a pair of adjacent vertices in $G$. It is a known result…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-14 Mónica. A. Reyes , Cristina Dalfó , Miquel Àngel Fiol , Arnau Messegué

Guo and Royle recently classified the connected cubic graphs without eigenvalues of their adjacency matrix in the open interval $(-1, 1)$, and raised the question of extending their classification to graphs of maximum degree at most $3$.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-01 Shenwei Huang , Zilin Jiang

A Graph is called 2-self-centered if its diameter and radius both equal to 2. In this paper, we begin characterizing these graphs by characterizing edge-maximal 2-self-centered graphs via their complements. Then we split characterizing…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-10-29 Mohammad Hadi Shekarriz , Madjid Mirzavaziri , Kamyar Mirzavaziri

In contrast to the usual quantum systems which have at most a finite number of open spectral gaps if they are periodic in more than one direction, periodic quantum graphs may have gaps arbitrarily high in the spectrum. This property of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-26 Pavel Exner , Ondřej Turek

The flip-graph of a convex polygon $\pi$ is the graph whose vertices are the triangulations of $\pi$ and whose edges correspond to flips between them. The eccentricity of a triangulation $T$ of $\pi$ is the largest possible distance in this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-08-12 Lionel Pournin

Quantum graphs without interaction which contain equilateral cycles possess "topological" bound states which do not correspond to zeroes of one of the two variants of the secular equation for quantum graphs. Instead, their eigenvalues lie…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2024-05-01 Evans M. Harrell , Anna V. Maltsev

A connected graph is called a bi-block graph if each of its blocks is a complete bipartite graph. Let $\mathcal{B}(\mathbf{k}, \alpha)$ be the class of bi-block graph on $\mathbf{k}$ vertices with given independence number $\alpha$. It is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-12-18 Joyentanuj Das , Sumit Mohanty

Associative spectra of graph algebras are examined with the help of homomorphisms of DFS trees. Undirected graphs are classified according to the associative spectra of their graph algebras; there are only three distinct possibilities:…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-05-20 Erkko Lehtonen , Tamás Waldhauser

The $A_{\alpha}$-matrix of a graph $G$ is the convex linear combination of the adjacency matrix $A(G)$ and the diagonal matrix of vertex degrees $D(G)$, i.e., $A_{\alpha}(G) = \alpha D(G) + (1 - \alpha)A(G)$, where $0\leq\alpha \leq1$. The…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-16 Yanting Zhang , Ligong Wang