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Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have garnered intensive attention for Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) due to their suitability for representing the network traffic flows. However, most present GNN-based methods for NIDS are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Renjie Xu , Guangwei Wu , Weiping Wang , Xing Gao , An He , Zhengpeng Zhang

Classic Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) often rely on manual feature engineering to extract meaningful patterns from network traffic data. However, this approach requires domain expertise and runs counter to the widely adopted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Muhammad Usman Butt , Andreas Hotho , Daniel Schlör

Methods that learn representations of nodes in a graph play a critical role in network analysis since they enable many downstream learning tasks. We propose Graph2Gauss - an approach that can efficiently learn versatile node embeddings on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-04-02 Aleksandar Bojchevski , Stephan Günnemann

This paper investigates Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) application for self-supervised network intrusion and anomaly detection. GNNs are a deep learning approach for graph-based data that incorporate graph structures into learning to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Evan Caville , Wai Weng Lo , Siamak Layeghy , Marius Portmann

The last few years have seen an increasing wave of attacks with serious economic and privacy damages, which evinces the need for accurate Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS). Recent works propose the use of Machine Learning (ML)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-02 David Pujol-Perich , José Suárez-Varela , Albert Cabellos-Aparicio , Pere Barlet-Ros

The last decades have seen a growth in the number of cyber-attacks with severe economic and privacy damages, which reveals the need for network intrusion detection approaches to assist in preventing cyber-attacks and reducing their risks.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Hamdi Friji , Alexis Olivereau , Mireille Sarkiss

The rapid expansion of Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystems has led to increasingly complex and heterogeneous network topologies. Traditional network monitoring and visualization tools rely on aggregated metrics or static representations,…

The success of graph embeddings or node representation learning in a variety of downstream tasks, such as node classification, link prediction, and recommendation systems, has led to their popularity in recent years. Representation learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-07 Saba A. Al-Sayouri , Danai Koutra , Evangelos E. Papalexakis , Sarah S. Lam

Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) are essential tools for detecting network attacks and intrusions. While extensive research has explored the use of supervised Machine Learning for attack detection and characterisation, these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Georgios Anyfantis , Pere Barlet-Ros

Recently a variety of methods have been developed to encode graphs into low-dimensional vectors that can be easily exploited by machine learning algorithms. The majority of these methods start by embedding the graph nodes into a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-13 Yu Jin , Joseph F. JaJa

Graph is an important data representation ubiquitously existing in the real world. However, analyzing the graph data is computationally difficult due to its non-Euclidean nature. Graph embedding is a powerful tool to solve the graph…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-07 Zhikun Zhang , Min Chen , Michael Backes , Yun Shen , Yang Zhang

With the growing digitalization all over the globe, the relevance of network security becomes increasingly important. Machine learning-based intrusion detection constitutes a promising approach for improving security, but it bears several…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Aleksei Liuliakov , Alexander Schulz , Luca Hermes , Barbara Hammer

Graph neural network-based network intrusion detection systems have recently demonstrated state-of-the-art performance on benchmark datasets. Nevertheless, these methods suffer from a reliance on target encoding for data pre-processing,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Zhengyao Gu , Diego Troy Lopez , Lilas Alrahis , Ozgur Sinanoglu

With the rapid growth of graph-structured data in critical domains, unsupervised graph-level anomaly detection (UGAD) has become a pivotal task. UGAD seeks to identify entire graphs that deviate from normal behavioral patterns. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Qingfeng Chen , Haojin Zeng , Jingyi Jie , Shichao Zhang , Debo Cheng

A main challenge in mining network-based data is finding effective ways to represent or encode graph structures so that it can be efficiently exploited by machine learning algorithms. Several methods have focused in network representation…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-03-18 Leonardo Gutiérrez-Gómez , Jean-Charles Delvenne

There has been a surge of recent interest in learning representations for graph-structured data. Graph representation learning methods have generally fallen into three main categories, based on the availability of labeled data. The first,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Ines Chami , Sami Abu-El-Haija , Bryan Perozzi , Christopher Ré , Kevin Murphy

The advancement in wireless communication technologies is becoming more demanding and pervasive. One of the fundamental parameters that limit the efficiency of the network are the security challenges. The communication network is vulnerable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-10 Misbah Shafi , Rakesh Kumar Jha , Sanjeev Jain

This paper presents a new Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) based on Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). GNNs are a relatively new sub-field of deep neural networks, which can leverage the inherent structure of graph-based data. Training…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Wai Weng Lo , Siamak Layeghy , Mohanad Sarhan , Marcus Gallagher , Marius Portmann

We present a semi-supervised learning framework based on graph embeddings. Given a graph between instances, we train an embedding for each instance to jointly predict the class label and the neighborhood context in the graph. We develop…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-05-30 Zhilin Yang , William W. Cohen , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

The performance of graph representation learning is affected by the quality of graph input. While existing research usually pursues a globally smoothed graph embedding, we believe the rarely observed anomalies are as well harmful to an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Bingxin Zhou , Yuanhong Jiang , Yu Guang Wang , Jingwei Liang , Junbin Gao , Shirui Pan , Xiaoqun Zhang
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