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Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as a dominant paradigm for learning on graph-structured data, thanks to their ability to jointly exploit node features and relational information encoded in the graph topology. This joint modeling,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Yongyu Wang

Model stealing, i.e., unauthorized access and exfiltration of deep learning models, has become one of the major threats. Proprietary models may be protected by access controls and encryption. However, in reality, these measures can be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Yuling Cai , Fan Xiang , Guozhu Meng , Yinzhi Cao , Kai Chen

Neural networks (NNs) are already deployed in hardware today, becoming valuable intellectual property (IP) as many hours are invested in their training and optimization. Therefore, attackers may be interested in copying, reverse…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Mahdieh Grailoo , Zain Ul Abideen , Mairo Leier , Samuel Pagliarini

Securing neural networks (NNs) against model extraction and parameter exfiltration attacks is an important problem primarily because modern NNs take a lot of time and resources to build and train. We observe that there are no…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Nivedita Shrivastava , Smruti R. Sarangi

In the past few years, it has become increasingly evident that deep neural networks are not resilient enough to withstand adversarial perturbations in input data, leaving them vulnerable to attack. Various authors have proposed strong…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-19 Shreya Goyal , Sumanth Doddapaneni , Mitesh M. Khapra , Balaraman Ravindran

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are notoriously vulnerable to adversarial input designs with limited noise budgets. While numerous successful attacks with subtle modifications to original input have been proposed, defense techniques against…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Furkan Mumcu , Yasin Yilmaz

Graph data, such as chemical networks and social networks, may be deemed confidential/private because the data owner often spends lots of resources collecting the data or the data contains sensitive information, e.g., social relationships.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Xinlei He , Jinyuan Jia , Michael Backes , Neil Zhenqiang Gong , Yang Zhang

The collection and availability of big data, combined with advances in pre-trained models (e.g., BERT, XLNET, etc), have revolutionized the predictive performance of modern natural language processing tasks, ranging from text classification…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Chen Chen , Xuanli He , Lingjuan Lyu , Fangzhao Wu

Model extraction emerges as a critical security threat with attack vectors exploiting both algorithmic and implementation-based approaches. The main goal of an attacker is to steal as much information as possible about a protected victim…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Kevin Hector , Pierre-Alain Moellic , Mathieu Dumont , Jean-Max Dutertre

Machine learning models are vulnerable to simple model stealing attacks if the adversary can obtain output labels for chosen inputs. To protect against these attacks, it has been proposed to limit the information provided to the adversary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-14 Taesung Lee , Benjamin Edwards , Ian Molloy , Dong Su

Previous studies demonstrate DNNs' vulnerability to adversarial examples and adversarial training can establish a defense to adversarial examples. In addition, recent studies show that deep neural networks also exhibit vulnerability to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Zhiyuan Zhang , Ruixuan Luo , Xuancheng Ren , Qi Su , Liangyou Li , Xu Sun

Deep neural networks are known to have security issues. One particular threat is the Trojan attack. It occurs when the attackers stealthily manipulate the model's behavior through Trojaned training samples, which can later be exploited.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Songzhu Zheng , Yikai Zhang , Hubert Wagner , Mayank Goswami , Chao Chen

Following the recent adoption of deep neural networks (DNN) accross a wide range of applications, adversarial attacks against these models have proven to be an indisputable threat. Adversarial samples are crafted with a deliberate intention…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-08-31 Valentina Zantedeschi , Maria-Irina Nicolae , Ambrish Rawat

Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) enables users to leverage powerful machine learning models through cloud-based APIs, offering scalability and ease of deployment. However, these services are vulnerable to model extraction attacks,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Amit Chakraborty , Sayyed Farid Ahamed , Sandip Roy , Soumya Banerjee , Kevin Choi , Abdul Rahman , Alison Hu , Edward Bowen , Sachin Shetty

Neural network model extraction has recently emerged as an important security concern, as adversaries attempt to recover a network's parameters via black-box queries. Carlini et al. proposed in CRYPTO'20 a model extraction approach,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Haolin Liu , Adrien Siproudhis , Samuel Experton , Peter Lorenz , Christina Boura , Thomas Peyrin

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are recognized as potent tools for processing real-world data organized in graph structures. Especially inductive GNNs, which allow for the processing of graph-structured data without relying on predefined graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Marcin Podhajski , Jan Dubiński , Franziska Boenisch , Adam Dziedzic , Agnieszka Pregowska , Tomasz P. Michalak

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have become the essential components for various commercialized machine learning services, such as Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS). Recent studies show that machine learning services face severe privacy…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-27 Xiaoyong Yuan , Leah Ding , Lan Zhang , Xiaolin Li , Dapeng Wu

Deep neural networks have achieved impressive performance in a variety of tasks over the last decade, such as autonomous driving, face recognition, and medical diagnosis. However, prior works show that deep neural networks are easily…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Jiyang Guan , Zhuozhuo Tu , Ran He , Dacheng Tao

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) models become one of the most valuable enterprise assets due to their critical roles in all aspects of applications. With the trend of privatization deployment of DNN models, the data leakage of the DNN models is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-21 Yuankun Zhu , Yueqiang Cheng , Husheng Zhou , Yantao Lu

The use of machine learning (ML) has become increasingly prevalent in various domains, highlighting the importance of understanding and ensuring its safety. One pressing concern is the vulnerability of ML applications to model stealing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Ganghua Wang , Yuhong Yang , Jie Ding