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Automated requirement-to-code traceability link recovery, essential for industrial system quality and safety, is critically hindered by the scarcity of labeled data. To address this bottleneck, this paper proposes and validates a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Jianzhang Zhang , Jialong Zhou , Nan Niu , Jinping Hua , Chuang Liu

In the past five years, research has shifted from traditional Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) approaches to leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) , including multimodality, for data augmentation to enhance generalization, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Ranjan Sapkota , Shaina Raza , Maged Shoman , Achyut Paudel , Manoj Karkee

The success of expanded context windows in Large Language Models (LLMs) has driven increased use of broader context in retrieval-augmented generation. We investigate the use of LLMs for retrieval augmented question answering. While longer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Dingmin Wang , Ji Ma , Shankar Kumar

In the rapidly evolving field of large language models (LLMs), data augmentation (DA) has emerged as a pivotal technique for enhancing model performance by diversifying training examples without the need for additional data collection. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Bosheng Ding , Chengwei Qin , Ruochen Zhao , Tianze Luo , Xinze Li , Guizhen Chen , Wenhan Xia , Junjie Hu , Anh Tuan Luu , Shafiq Joty

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) couples document retrieval with large language models (LLMs). While scaling generators often improves accuracy, it also increases inference and deployment overhead. We study an orthogonal axis: enlarging…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Jingjie Ning , Yibo Kong , Yunfan Long , Jamie Callan

In this paper, we systematically study the potential of pre-training with Large Language Model(LLM)-based document expansion for dense passage retrieval. Concretely, we leverage the capabilities of LLMs for document expansion, i.e. query…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Guangyuan Ma , Xing Wu , Peng Wang , Zijia Lin , Songlin Hu

The data and compute requirements of current language modeling technology pose challenges for the processing and analysis of low-resource languages. Declarative linguistic knowledge has the potential to partially bridge this data scarcity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Bhargav Shandilya , Alexis Palmer

LLMs confront inherent limitations in terms of its knowledge, memory, and action. The retrieval augmentation stands as a vital mechanism to address these limitations, which brings in useful information from external sources to augment the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Peitian Zhang , Shitao Xiao , Zheng Liu , Zhicheng Dou , Jian-Yun Nie

Modern ML systems increasingly augment input instances with additional relevant information to enhance final prediction. Despite growing interest in such retrieval-augmented models, their fundamental properties and training are not well…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Soumya Basu , Ankit Singh Rawat , Manzil Zaheer

Large models, encompassing large language and diffusion models, have shown exceptional promise in approximating human-level intelligence, garnering significant interest from both academic and industrial spheres. However, the training of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Yue Zhou , Chenlu Guo , Xu Wang , Yi Chang , Yuan Wu

Retrieval-augmented language models (RALMs) hold promise to produce language understanding systems that are are factual, efficient, and up-to-date. An important desideratum of RALMs, is that retrieved information helps model performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Ori Yoran , Tomer Wolfson , Ori Ram , Jonathan Berant

Large Language Models (LLMs) often generate inaccurate responses (hallucinations) when faced with questions beyond their knowledge scope. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) addresses this by leveraging external knowledge, but a critical…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Haoxiang Jin , Ronghan Li , Zixiang Lu , Qiguang Miao

Despite recent progress, it has been difficult to prevent semantic hallucinations in generative Large Language Models. One common solution to this is augmenting LLMs with a retrieval system and making sure that the generated output is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-16 Renat Aksitov , Chung-Ching Chang , David Reitter , Siamak Shakeri , Yunhsuan Sung

Building high-quality datasets and labeling query-document relevance are essential yet resource-intensive tasks, requiring detailed guidelines and substantial effort from human annotators. This paper explores the use of small, fine-tuned…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Quentin Fitte-Rey , Matyas Amrouche , Romain Deveaud

This paper presents an analysis of open-source large language models (LLMs) and their application in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) tasks, specific for enterprise-specific data sets scraped from their websites. With the increasing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Gautam B , Anupam Purwar

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as an approach to augment large language models (LLMs) by reducing their reliance on static knowledge and improving answer factuality. RAG retrieves relevant context snippets and generates an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Juraj Vladika , Florian Matthes

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has increasingly shown its power in extending large language models' (LLMs') capability beyond their pre-trained knowledge. Existing works have shown that RAG can help with software development tasks…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Jingyi Chen , Songqiang Chen , Jialun Cao , Jiasi Shen , Shing-Chi Cheung

Pretrained language models like BERT and T5 serve as crucial backbone encoders for dense retrieval. However, these models often exhibit limited generalization capabilities and face challenges in improving in domain accuracy. Recent research…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Kun Luo , Minghao Qin , Zheng Liu , Shitao Xiao , Jun Zhao , Kang Liu

Text-based Person Retrieval (TPR) aims to retrieve person images that match the description given a text query. The performance improvement of the TPR model relies on high-quality data for supervised training. However, it is difficult to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Zheng Li , Lijia Si , Caili Guo , Yang Yang , Qiushi Cao

LLM alignment ensures that large language models behave safely and effectively by aligning their outputs with human values, goals, and intentions. Aligning LLMs employ huge amounts of data, computation, and time. Moreover, curating data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Amrit Khera , Rajat Ghosh , Debojyoti Dutta