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Pre-trained language models have achieved remarkable success across diverse applications but remain susceptible to spurious, concept-driven correlations that impair robustness and fairness. In this work, we introduce CURE, a novel and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Aysenur Kocak , Shuo Yang , Bardh Prenkaj , Gjergji Kasneci

Federated learning (FL) increasingly needs machine unlearning to comply with privacy regulations. However, existing federated unlearning approaches may overlook the overlapping information between the unlearning and remaining data, leading…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jiaheng Wei , Yanjun Zhang , He Zhang , Leo Yu Zhang , Chao Chen , Kok-Leong Ong , Jun Zhang , Yang Xiang

Machine unlearning aims to remove private or sensitive data from a pre-trained model while preserving the model's robustness. Despite recent advances, this technique has not been explored in medical image classification. This work evaluates…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-27 Andreza M. C. Falcao , Filipe R. Cordeiro

Recent advances in deep learning underscore the need for systems that can not only acquire new knowledge through Continual Learning (CL) but also remove outdated, sensitive, or private information through Machine Unlearning (MU). However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Jagadeesh Rachapudi , Ritali Vatsi , Praful Hambarde , Amit Shukla

Machine unlearning (MU) aims to expunge a designated forget set from a trained model without costly retraining, yet the existing techniques overlook two critical blind spots: "over-unlearning" that deteriorates retained data near the forget…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 SeungBum Ha , Saerom Park , Sung Whan Yoon

People learn to discriminate between classes without explicit exposure to negative examples. On the contrary, traditional machine learning algorithms often rely on negative examples, otherwise the model would be prone to collapse and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-08 Chenhao Xie , Qiao Cheng , Jiaqing Liang , Lihan Chen , Yanghua Xiao

Machine unlearning is the process of removing the impact of a particular set of training samples from a pretrained model. It aims to fulfill the "right to be forgotten", which grants the individuals such as patients the right to reconsider…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Reza Nasirigerdeh , Nader Razmi , Julia A. Schnabel , Daniel Rueckert , Georgios Kaissis

Unlearning in large language models (LLMs) aims to remove specified data, but its efficacy is typically assessed with task-level metrics like accuracy and perplexity. We show that these metrics can be misleading, as models can appear to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xiaoyu Xu , Xiang Yue , Yang Liu , Qingqing Ye , Huadi Zheng , Peizhao Hu , Minxin Du , Haibo Hu

As the right to be forgotten becomes legislated worldwide, machine unlearning mechanisms have emerged to efficiently update models for data deletion and enhance user privacy protection. However, existing machine unlearning algorithms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Lisong He , Yi Yang , Xiangyu Chang

Generative models such as Large Language Models (LLMs) and Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) trained on massive datasets can lead them to memorize and inadvertently reveal sensitive information, raising ethical and privacy concerns.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Zheyuan Liu , Guangyao Dou , Xiangchi Yuan , Chunhui Zhang , Zhaoxuan Tan , Meng Jiang

Deep neural networks are prone to memorizing incorrect labels during training, which degrades their generalizability. Although recent methods have combined sample selection with semi-supervised learning (SSL) to exploit the memorization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Reo Fukunaga , Soh Yoshida , Mitsuji Muneyasu

In current AI era, users may request AI companies to delete their data from the training dataset due to the privacy concerns. As a model owner, retraining a model will consume significant computational resources. Therefore, machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Wenhan Chang , Tianqing Zhu , Heng Xu , Wenjian Liu , Wanlei Zhou

Quantum machine learning (QML) has attracted growing interest with the rapid parallel advances in large-scale classical machine learning and quantum technologies. Similar to classical machine learning, QML models also face challenges…

The objective of machine unlearning (MU) is to eliminate previously learned data from a model. However, it is challenging to strike a balance between computation cost and performance when using existing MU techniques. Taking inspiration…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Zonglin Di , Zhaowei Zhu , Jinghan Jia , Jiancheng Liu , Zafar Takhirov , Bo Jiang , Yuanshun Yao , Sijia Liu , Yang Liu

Machine unlearning addresses the problem of updating a machine learning model/system trained on a dataset $S$ so that the influence of a set of deletion requests $U \subseteq S$ on the unlearned model is minimized. The gold standard…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Linda Lu , Ayush Sekhari , Karthik Sridharan

We address the problem of machine unlearning, where the goal is to remove the influence of specific training data from a model upon request, motivated by privacy concerns and regulatory requirements such as the "right to be forgotten."…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Anastasia Koloskova , Youssef Allouah , Animesh Jha , Rachid Guerraoui , Sanmi Koyejo

Modern computer systems store vast amounts of personal data, enabling advances in AI and ML but risking user privacy and trust. For privacy reasons, it is sometimes desired for an ML model to forget part of the data it was trained on. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Amartya Hatua , Trung T. Nguyen , Filip Cano , Andrew H. Sung

Recent breakthroughs in self-supervised learning show that such algorithms learn visual representations that can be transferred better to unseen tasks than joint-training methods relying on task-specific supervision. In this paper, we found…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Hyuntak Cha , Jaeho Lee , Jinwoo Shin

Machine Unlearning allows participants to remove their data from a trained machine learning model in order to preserve their privacy, and security. However, the machine unlearning literature for generative models is rather limited. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Ayush K. Varshney , Vicenç Torra

Machine unlearning in neural information retrieval (IR) systems requires removing specific data whilst maintaining model performance. Applying existing machine unlearning methods to IR may compromise retrieval effectiveness or inadvertently…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Jingrui Hou , Axel Finke , Georgina Cosma