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Hybrid languages like the quantum intermediate representation (QIR) are essential for programming systems that mix quantum and conventional computing models, while execution of these programs is often deferred to a system-specific…

Intermediate representations (IRs) play a crucial role in the software stack of a quantum computer to facilitate efficient optimizations for executing an application on hardware. One of those IRs is the Quantum Intermediate Representation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-15 Yannick Stade , Lukas Burgholzer , Robert Wille

Quantum computing has made tremendous improvements in both software and hardware that have sparked interest in academia and industry to realize quantum computing applications. To this end, several steps are necessary: The underlying problem…

In this paper, we introduce the workflow for converting qubit circuits represented by Open Quantum ASseMbly format (OpenQASM, also known as QASM) into the qudit form for execution on qudit hardware and provide a method for translating qudit…

We introduce ProjectQ, an open source software effort for quantum computing. The first release features a compiler framework capable of targeting various types of hardware, a high-performance simulator with emulation capabilities, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-01 Damian S. Steiger , Thomas Häner , Matthias Troyer

We co-design a family of quantum eigenvalue transformation oracles that can be efficiently implemented on hybrid discrete/continuous-variable (qubit/qumode) hardware. To illustrate the oracle's representation-theoretic power and near-term…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-13 Luke Bell , Yan Wang , Kevin C. Smith , Yuan Liu , Eugene Dumitrescu , S. M. Girvin

Existing quantum compilers optimize quantum circuits by applying circuit transformations designed by experts. This approach requires significant manual effort to design and implement circuit transformations for different quantum devices,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Mingkuan Xu , Zikun Li , Oded Padon , Sina Lin , Jessica Pointing , Auguste Hirth , Henry Ma , Jens Palsberg , Alex Aiken , Umut A. Acar , Zhihao Jia

We construct quantum circuits which exactly encode the spectra of correlated electron models up to errors from rotation synthesis. By invoking these circuits as oracles within the recently introduced "qubitization" framework, one can use…

Most quantum computing architectures to date natively support multi-valued logic, albeit being typically operated in a binary fashion. Multi-valued, or qudit, quantum processors have access to much richer forms of quantum entanglement,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-12 Kevin Mato , Martin Ringbauer , Stefan Hillmich , Robert Wille

Compilation optimizes quantum algorithms performances on real-world quantum computers. To date, it is performed via classical optimization strategies. We introduce a class of quantum algorithms to perform compilation via quantum computers,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-25 Davide Rattacaso , Daniel Jaschke , Marco Ballarin , Ilaria Siloi , Simone Montangero

Fueled by recent accomplishments in quantum computing hardware and software, an increasing number of problems from various application domains are being explored as potential use cases for this new technology. Similarly to classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-09 Nils Quetschlich , Lukas Burgholzer , Robert Wille

Quantum programs today are written at a low level of abstraction - quantum circuits akin to assembly languages - and the unitary parts of even advanced quantum programming languages essentially function as circuit description languages.…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Chris Heunen , Louis Lemonnier , Christopher McNally , Alex Rice

We describe an embedding of the QWIRE quantum circuit language in the Coq proof assistant. This allows programmers to write quantum circuits using high-level abstractions and to prove properties of those circuits using Coq's theorem proving…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-03-05 Robert Rand , Jennifer Paykin , Steve Zdancewic

Quantum Hamiltonian simulation, which simulates the evolution of quantum systems and probes quantum phenomena, is one of the most promising applications of quantum computing. Recent experimental results suggest that Hamiltonian-oriented…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Yuxiang Peng , Jacob Young , Pengyu Liu , Xiaodi Wu

Quantum simulation is a promising near term application for mesoscale quantum information processors, with the potential to solve computationally intractable problems at the scale of just a few dozen interacting quantum systems. Recent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-08-14 David L. Hayes , Steven T. Flammia , Michael J. Biercuk

We develop a hybrid oscillator-qubit processor framework for quantum simulation of strongly correlated fermions and bosons that avoids the boson-to-qubit mapping overhead encountered in qubit hardware. This framework gives exact…

Classical simulators play a major role in the development and benchmark of quantum algorithms and practically any software framework for quantum computation provides the option of running the algorithms on simulators. However, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-04 Gian Giacomo Guerreschi

Neutral-atom quantum computing is among the most promising platforms for scalable quantum computation, and compilation toolchains are crucial for leveraging capabilities such as qubit shuttling and parallel gate execution. An important…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Emil Khusainov , Yanbin Chen , Jonas Winklmann , Helmut Seidl , Christian B. Mendl

Any potential application of quantum computing, once encoded as a quantum circuit, needs to be compiled in order to be executed on a quantum computer. Deciding which qubit technology, which device, which compiler, and which corresponding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-25 Nils Quetschlich , Lukas Burgholzer , Robert Wille

At the moment, quantum circuits are created mainly by manually placing logic elements on lines that symbolize quantum bits. The purpose of creating Quantum Circuit Synthesizer "Naginata" was due to the fact that even with a slight increase…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-22 Cesar Borisovich Pronin , Andrey Vladimirovich Ostroukh