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Basic principles of mathematical modeling are reviewed in this book, with the focus on physics and its practical applications, and examples of selected mathematical methods are presented. Most of the models have been imported from physics…

Classical Physics · Physics 2025-07-14 Sergej Pankratow

A primary goal of physics is to create mathematical models that allow both predictions and explanations of physical phenomena. We weave maths extensively into our physics instruction beginning in high school, and the level and complexity of…

Physics Education · Physics 2016-04-12 Edward F. Redish

The role of mathematical models in physics has for longer been well established. The issue of their proper building and use appears to be less clear. Examples in this regard from relativity and quantum mechanics are mentioned. Comments…

General Physics · Physics 2008-04-08 Elemer E. Rosinger

We study a material modeled as a network of nodes connected by edges. Using a discrete approach, we build a nonlinear algebraic system that connects applied forces to internal forces and node positions. The model can describe elasticity,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-14 Ioannis Dassios

Cities are systems with a large number of constituents and agents interacting with each other and can be considered as emblematic of complex systems. Modeling these systems is a real challenge and triggered the interest of many disciplines…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-10-23 Marc Barthelemy

In this article, the notion of a mathematical model in science is attempted to be enlightened from several points of view. In particular, it is shown that mathematical models are introduced differently and used differently in different…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2022-05-25 Inge S. Helland

In this paper, we discuss the question whether a physical "simplification" of a model makes it always easier to study, at least from a mathematical and numerical point of view. To this end, we give different examples showing that these…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2017-10-18 André Eikmeier , Etienne Emmrich , Eckehard Schöll

Many have wondered how mathematics, which appears to be the result of both human creativity and human discovery, can possibly exhibit the degree of success and seemingly-universal applicability to quantifying the physical world as…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2015-09-01 Kevin H. Knuth

Differentiable physics modeling combines physics models with gradient-based learning to provide model explicability and data efficiency. It has been used to learn dynamics, solve inverse problems and facilitate design, and is at its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-02 Deshan Gong , Zhanxing Zhu , Andrew J. Bulpitt , He Wang

The purpose of this essay is to bring out the unique role of Mathematics in providing a base to the diverse sciences which conform to its rigid structure. Of these the physical and economic sciences are so intimately linked with…

Popular Physics · Physics 2012-02-29 A. N. Mitra

Differentiable physics provides a new approach for modeling and understanding the physical systems by pairing the new technology of differentiable programming with classical numerical methods for physical simulation. We survey the rapidly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Bharath Ramsundar , Dilip Krishnamurthy , Venkatasubramanian Viswanathan

Physicists study a wide variety of phenomena creating new interdisciplinary research fields by applying theories and methods originally developed in physics in order to solve problems in economics, social science, biology, medicine,…

Popular Physics · Physics 2007-07-24 D. Volchenkov , Ph. Blanchard

The problem of how mathematics and physics are related at a foundational level is of much interest. One approach is to work towards a coherent theory of physics and mathematics together. Here steps are taken in this direction by first…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Paul Benioff

Learning to create, use, and evaluate models is a central element of becoming a scientist. In physics, we often begin an analysis of a complex system with highly simplified or toy models. In introductory physics classes, we tend to use them…

Physics Education · Physics 2022-08-17 Edward F. Redish

The modeling theory of instruction is widely applied and highly successful in high-school instruction, and seldom in university physics. One reason is lack of familiarity with models in the physics classroom. Ongoing curriculum development…

Physics Education · Physics 2007-05-23 Eric Brewe

Pre-college mathematics modeling instruction often frames mathematics as being separated from reasoning about the real world -- and commonly treats reasoning mathematically and reasoning about the real-world context as separate stages of a…

Physics Education · Physics 2023-08-04 Charlotte Zimmerman , Alexis Olsho , Michael Loverude , Suzanne White Brahmia

We present a method for modelling textile structures, such as weft knits, on families of bicontinuous surfaces. By developing a tangible interpretation of mathematical theory, we combine perspectives of art, design, engineering, and science…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2020-11-10 Chelsea E. Knittel , Michael Tanis , Amy L. Stoltzfus , Toen Castle , Randall D. Kamien , Genevieve Dion

In this essay, I argue that mathematics is a natural science---just like physics, chemistry, or biology---and that this can explain the alleged "unreasonable" effectiveness of mathematics in the physical sciences. The main challenge for…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2016-08-05 M. S. Leifer

In order to describe natural phenomena, science develops sophisticated models that use mathematical and formal languages which seem, and often are, very far from common experience. When a phenomenon is not accessible to our senses, its…

Physics Education · Physics 2016-01-08 Vera Montalbano

Researchers in physics education have advocated both for including modeling in science classrooms as well as promoting student engagement with sensemaking. These two processes facilitate the generation of new knowledge by connecting to…

Physics Education · Physics 2023-01-31 Amogh Sirnoorkar , James T. Laverty , Paul D. O. Bergeron
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