Related papers: Non-Commutation Chains in Pre- and Post-Selection …
The fluctuations in nonequilibrium systems are under intense theoretical and experimental investigation. Topical ``fluctuation relations'' describe symmetries of the statistical properties of certain observables, in a variety of models and…
In Newcomb's paradox you choose to receive either the contents of a particular closed box, or the contents of both that closed box and another one. Before you choose, a prediction algorithm deduces your choice, and fills the two boxes based…
Causality imposes strong restrictions on the type of operators that may be observables in relativistic quantum theories. In fact, causal violations arise when computing conditional probabilities for certain partial causally connected…
The first part of the paper is an introduction to the theory of probabilistic concurrent systems under a partial order semantics. Key definitions and results are given and illustrated on examples. The second part includes contributions. We…
The Tolman paradox is well known as a base for demonstrating the causality violation by faster-than-light signals within special relativity. It is constructed using a two-way exchange of faster-than-light signals between two inertial…
The paper investigates from a proof-theoretic perspective various non-contractive logical systems circumventing logical and semantic paradoxes. Until recently, such systems only displayed additive quantifiers (Gri\v{s}in, Cantini). Systems…
This note is concerned with a formal analysis of the problem of non-monotonic reasoning in intelligent systems, especially when the uncertainty is taken into account in a quantitative way. A firm connection between logic and probability is…
The average result of a weak measurement of some observable $A$ can, under post-selection of the measured quantum system, exceed the largest eigenvalue of $A$. The nature of weak measurements, as well as the presence of post-selection and…
Recently there has been much interest and progress in extending the definition of contextuality to systems with disturbance. We prove that such an endeavor cannot simultaneously satisfy the following principles: (1) any deterministic system…
Consistent statistical physical description is given for systems where the elementary excitations are composite objects. Explicit calculational scheme is constructed for the energy density and the total number of thermodynamical degrees of…
In the histories formulation of quantum theory, sets of coarse-grained histories that are consistent obey the classical probability rules. It has been argued that these sets can describe the quasi-classical behaviour of closed quantum…
Recent results demonstrating superluminal group velocities and tachyonic dispersion relations reopen the question of superluminal signals and causal loop paradoxes. The sense in which superluminal signals are permitted is explained in terms…
We introduce a new combinatorial structure: the superselector. We show that superselectors subsume several important combinatorial structures used in the past few years to solve problems in group testing, compressed sensing, multi-channel…
In this note, we present a conjecture on intersections of set families, and a rephrasing of the conjecture in terms of principal downsets of Boolean lattices. The conjecture informally states that, whenever we can express the measure of a…
Zeno's paradoxes are explained as being the result of inappropriate combination of discrete and continuous mathematical systems. It is proposed that the source of this confusion lies in the course of development of the number system, which…
In this paper, we consider the inverse problem of determining some coefficients within a coupled nonlinear parabolic system, through boundary observation of its non-negative solutions. In the physical setup, the non-negative solutions…
A PhD student is locked inside a box, imitating a quantum system by mimicking the measurement statistics of any viable observable nominated by external observers. Inside a second box lies a genuine quantum system. Either box can be used to…
We present a survey of some of our recent results on Bayesian nonparametric inference for a multitude of stochastic processes. The common feature is that the prior distribution in the cases considered is on suitable sets of piecewise…
The framework of postselection is becoming more and more important in various recent directions in Quantum Computation research. Postselection renders simple computational models able to perform general quantum computation. This was first…
Real-world observational datasets and machine learning have revolutionized data-driven decision-making, yet many models rely on empirical associations that may be misleading due to confounding and subgroup heterogeneity. Simpson's paradox…