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Over the past two decades, quantum-like modeling (QLM) has emerged as a powerful framework for describing non-classical features of cognition and decision-making. Rather than assuming physical quantum processes in the brain, QLM employs the…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-05 Andrei Khrennikov , Felix Benninger , Oded Shor

Quantum-like (QL) modeling, one of the outcomes of the quantum information revolution, extends quantum theory methods beyond physics to decision theory and cognitive psychology. While effective in explaining paradoxes in decision making and…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-18 Andrei Khrennikov , Atsushi Iriki , Irina Basieva

We propose a model of quantum-like (QL) processing of mental information. This model is based on quantum information theory. However, in contrast to models of "quantum physical brain" reducing mental activity (at least at the highest level)…

General Physics · Physics 2012-10-09 Andrei Khrennikov

We consider the following model of decision-making by cognitive systems. We present an algorithm -- quantum-like representation algorithm (QLRA) -- which provides a possibility to represent probabilistic data of any origin by complex…

General Physics · Physics 2010-11-30 Andrei Khrennikov

Quantum Machine Learning (QML) has emerged as a promising framework for exploring how quantum dynamics may enhance data processing tasks. Here we investigate Quantum Extreme Learning Machines (QELMs), a quantum analogue of classical Extreme…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-27 A. De Lorenzis , M. P. Casado , N. Lo Gullo , T. Lux , F. Plastina , A. Riera

We present a contextualist statistical realistic model for quantum-like representations in physics, cognitive science and psychology. We apply this model to describe cognitive experiments to check quantum-like structures of mental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-12-07 Andrei Khrennikov

We propose a {\it quantum-like} (QL) model of the functioning of the brain. It should be sharply distinguished from the reductionist {\it quantum} model. By the latter cognition is created by {\it physical quantum processes} in the brain.…

General Physics · Physics 2010-11-30 Andrei Khrennikov

We present a quantum-like (QL) model in that contexts (complexes of e.g. mental, social, biological, economic or even political conditions) are represented by complex probability amplitudes. This approach gives the possibility to apply the…

General Physics · Physics 2016-11-23 Andrei Khrennikov

Several proposals have been recently introduced to implement Quantum Machine Learning (QML) algorithms for the analysis of classical data sets employing variational learning means. There has been, however, a limited amount of work on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-04 Francesco Scala , Stefano Mangini , Chiara Macchiavello , Daniele Bajoni , Dario Gerace

We demonstrate how machine learning is able to model experiments in quantum physics. Quantum entanglement is a cornerstone for upcoming quantum technologies such as quantum computation and quantum cryptography. Of particular interest are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Thomas Adler , Manuel Erhard , Mario Krenn , Johannes Brandstetter , Johannes Kofler , Sepp Hochreiter

The past few years have seen a surge in the application of quantum theory methodologies and quantum-like modeling in fields such as cognition, psychology, and decision-making. Despite the success of this approach in explaining various…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-11-18 Andrei Khrennikov , Masanao Ozawa , Felix Benninger , Oded Shor

We compare the performance of randomized classical and quantum neural networks (NNs) as well as classical and quantum-classical hybrid convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for the task of supervised binary image classification. We keep the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-24 Daniel Basilewitsch , João F. Bravo , Christian Tutschku , Frederick Struckmeier

Quantum Language Models (QLMs) in which words are modelled as quantum superposition of sememes have demonstrated a high level of model transparency and good post-hoc interpretability. Nevertheless, in the current literature word sequences…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Yiwei Chen , Yu Pan , Daoyi Dong

Human-centered systems of systems such as social networks, Internet of Things, or healthcare systems are growingly becoming major facets of modern life. Realistic models of human behavior in such systems play a significant role in their…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-01-28 Aghdas. Meghdadi , M. R. Akbarzadeh-T. , Kourosh Javidan

Modern machine learning (ML) systems excel in recognising and classifying images with remarkable accuracy. However, like many computer software systems, they can fail by generating confusing or erroneous outputs or by deferring to human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Milan Maksimovic , Ivan S. Maksymov

High-quality, large-scale datasets have played a crucial role in the development and success of classical machine learning. Quantum Machine Learning (QML) is a new field that aims to use quantum computers for data analysis, with the hope of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-19 Louis Schatzki , Andrew Arrasmith , Patrick J. Coles , M. Cerezo

Quantum machine learning (QML) is promising for potential speedups and improvements in conventional machine learning (ML) tasks (e.g., classification/regression). The search for ideal QML models is an active research field. This includes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-07 Mahabubul Alam , Swaroop Ghosh

Quantum theory provides non-classical principles, such as superposition and entanglement, that inspires promising paradigms in machine learning. However, most existing quantum-inspired fusion models rely solely on unitary or unitary-like…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Yiwei Chen , Kehuan Yan , Yu Pan , Daoyi Dong

Quantum machine learning (QML) is an emerging field that investigates the capabilities of quantum computers for learning tasks. While QML models can theoretically offer advantages such as exponential speed-ups, challenges in data loading…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-03 Florian J. Kiwit , Bernhard Jobst , Andre Luckow , Frank Pollmann , Carlos A. Riofrío

Various effects in human cognition, often considered `non-classical', have been argued to be most naturally modelled by quantum-like models of decision making. We extend this approach to describe models of cognition and decision-making in…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-04-13 Sean Tull , Masanao Ozawa
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