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Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have led to significant breakthroughs in mathematical reasoning capabilities. However, existing benchmarks like GSM8K or MATH are now being solved with high accuracy (e.g., OpenAI o1…

Tool-augmented Large Language Models (TALMs) are known to enhance the skillset of large language models (LLMs), thereby, leading to their improved reasoning abilities across many tasks. While, TALMs have been successfully employed in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Debrup Das , Debopriyo Banerjee , Somak Aditya , Ashish Kulkarni

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have revolutionized complex problem-solving, yet they exhibit a pervasive "overthinking", generating unnecessarily long reasoning chains. While current solutions improve token efficiency, they often sacrifice…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Weiyang Huang , Xuefeng Bai , Kehai Chen , Xinyang Chen , Yibin Chen , Weili Guan , Min Zhang

Recent large language models (LLMs) have shown indications of mathematical reasoning ability on challenging competition-level problems, especially with self-generated verbalizations of intermediate reasoning steps (i.e., chain-of-thought…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Yujun Mao , Yoon Kim , Yilun Zhou

Despite their success in many natural language tasks, solving math problems remains a significant challenge for large language models (LLMs). A large gap exists between LLMs' pass-at-one and pass-at-N performance in solving math problems,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Yixin Liu , Avi Singh , C. Daniel Freeman , John D. Co-Reyes , Peter J. Liu

Large language models (LLMs) have shown increasing in-context learning capabilities through scaling up model and data size. Despite this progress, LLMs are still unable to solve algorithmic reasoning problems. While providing a rationale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Hattie Zhou , Azade Nova , Hugo Larochelle , Aaron Courville , Behnam Neyshabur , Hanie Sedghi

To solve hard problems, AI relies on a variety of disciplines such as logic, probabilistic reasoning, machine learning and mathematical programming. Although it is widely accepted that solving real-world problems requires an integration…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-01-14 Vaishak Belle , Luc De Raedt

Mathematical reasoning serves as a cornerstone for assessing the fundamental cognitive capabilities of human intelligence. In recent times, there has been a notable surge in the development of Large Language Models (LLMs) geared towards the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Janice Ahn , Rishu Verma , Renze Lou , Di Liu , Rui Zhang , Wenpeng Yin

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled zero-shot automated essay scoring (AES), providing a promising way to reduce the cost and effort of essay scoring in comparison with manual grading. However, most existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Takumi Shibata , Yuichi Miyamura

Despite the significant improvements achieved by large language models (LLMs) in English reasoning tasks, these models continue to struggle with multilingual reasoning. Recent studies leverage a full-parameter and two-stage training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Yuchun Fan , Yongyu Mu , Yilin Wang , Lei Huang , Junhao Ruan , Bei Li , Tong Xiao , Shujian Huang , Xiaocheng Feng , Jingbo Zhu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel in solving text-based mathematical problems, but they struggle with mathematical diagrams since they are primarily trained on natural scene images. For humans, visual aids generally enhance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Wenwen Zhuang , Xin Huang , Xiantao Zhang , Jin Zeng

Zero-shot reasoning methods with Large Language Models (LLMs) offer significant advantages including great generalization to novel tasks and reduced dependency on human-crafted examples. However, the current zero-shot methods still have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Pengfei He , Zitao Li , Yue Xing , Yaling Li , Jiliang Tang , Bolin Ding

Satisfiability problem (SAT) is a cornerstone of computational complexity with broad industrial applications, and it remains challenging to optimize modern SAT solvers in real-world settings due to their intricate architectures. While…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Yiwen Sun , Furong Ye , Zhihan Chen , Ke Wei , Shaowei Cai

Mathematical reasoning has been challenging for large language models (LLMs), and the introduction of step-by-step Chain-of-Thought (CoT) inference has significantly advanced the mathematical capabilities of LLMs. However, current…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Lang Cao , Yingtian Zou , Chao Peng , Renhong Chen , Wu Ning , Yitong Li

This overview article highlights the critical role of mathematics in artificial intelligence (AI), emphasizing that mathematics provides tools to better understand and enhance AI systems. Conversely, AI raises new problems and drives the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-01-22 Gabriel Peyré

Automated grading has become an essential tool in education technology due to its ability to efficiently assess large volumes of student work, provide consistent and unbiased evaluations, and deliver immediate feedback to enhance learning.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Calvin Yeung , Jeff Yu , King Chau Cheung , Tat Wing Wong , Chun Man Chan , Kin Chi Wong , Keisuke Fujii

Solving mathematical problems requires advanced reasoning abilities and presents notable challenges for large language models. Previous works usually synthesize data from proprietary models to augment existing datasets, followed by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Yuxuan Tong , Xiwen Zhang , Rui Wang , Ruidong Wu , Junxian He

This paper presents our winning submission to the AI Mathematical Olympiad - Progress Prize 2 (AIMO-2) competition. Our recipe for building state-of-the-art mathematical reasoning models relies on three key pillars. First, we create a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Ivan Moshkov , Darragh Hanley , Ivan Sorokin , Shubham Toshniwal , Christof Henkel , Benedikt Schifferer , Wei Du , Igor Gitman

Large language models (LLMs) have seen considerable advancements in natural language understanding tasks, yet there remains a gap to bridge before attaining true artificial general intelligence, especially concerning shortcomings in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Minpeng Liao , Wei Luo , Chengxi Li , Jing Wu , Kai Fan

The advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has greatly improved our ability to process complex language. However, accurately detecting logical fallacies remains a significant challenge. This study presents a novel and effective prompt…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Jiwon Jeong , Hyeju Jang , Hogun Park