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Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is a promising outer-loop intelligence paradigm which can deploy problem solving strategies for complex tasks. Consequently, DRL has been utilized for several scientific applications, specifically in cases…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Sahil Bhola , Suraj Pawar , Prasanna Balaprakash , Romit Maulik

Dairy farms consume a significant amount of electricity for their operations, and this research focuses on enhancing energy efficiency and minimizing the impact on the environment in the sector by maximizing the utilization of renewable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Nawazish Ali , Rachael Shaw , Karl Mason

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is a paradigm of artificial intelligence where an agent uses a neural network to learn which actions to take in a given environment. DRL has recently gained traction from being able to solve complex…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Rajdeep Singh Hundal , Yan Xiao , Xiaochun Cao , Jin Song Dong , Manuel Rigger

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL), a subset of machine learning focused on sequential decision-making, has emerged as a powerful approach for tackling financial trading problems. In finance, DRL is commonly used either to generate discrete…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Trang Thoi , Hung Tran , Tram Thoi , Huaiyang Zhong

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) agents are trained through trial-and-error interactions with the environment. This leads to a long training time for dense neural networks to achieve good performance. Hence, prohibitive computation and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-09 Ghada Sokar , Elena Mocanu , Decebal Constantin Mocanu , Mykola Pechenizkiy , Peter Stone

Reinforcement learning (RL) based investment strategies have been widely adopted in portfolio management (PM) in recent years. Nevertheless, most RL-based approaches may often emphasize on pursuing returns while ignoring the risks of the…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2023-06-13 Zhenglong Li , Hejun Huang , Vincent Tam

Over the past decades, researchers have been pushing the limits of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL). Although DRL has attracted substantial interest from practitioners, many are blocked by having to search through a plethora of available…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2023-10-05 Sophia Gu

Portfolio optimization in real-world financial markets is notoriously difficult due to non-stationarity, noisy data, and high transaction costs. Standard predict-then-optimize methods first forecast returns and then solve for weights,…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2026-05-29 Rahul Fernandes , Travis Desell

We propose KFCPO, a novel Safe Reinforcement Learning (Safe RL) algorithm that combines scalable Kronecker-Factored Approximate Curvature (K-FAC) based second-order policy optimization with safety-aware gradient manipulation. KFCPO…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Joonyoung Lim , Younghwan Yoo

This paper explores the application of deep Q-learning to hedging at-the-money options on the S\&P~500 index. We develop an agent based on the Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (TD3) algorithm, trained to simulate hedging…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-10-13 Zofia Bracha , Paweł Sakowski , Jakub Michańków

Alphas are pivotal in providing signals for quantitative trading. The industry highly values the discovery of formulaic alphas for their interpretability and ease of analysis, compared with the expressive yet overfitting-prone black-box…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-06-27 Feng Xu , Yan Yin , Xinyu Zhang , Tianyuan Liu , Shengyi Jiang , Zongzhang Zhang

Reinforcement learning can interact with the environment and is suitable for applications in decision control systems. Therefore, we used the reinforcement learning method to establish a foreign exchange transaction, avoiding the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-05 Yun-Cheng Tsai , Chun-Chieh Wang

Classical reinforcement learning (RL) aims to optimize the expected cumulative reward. In this work, we consider the RL setting where the goal is to optimize the quantile of the cumulative reward. We parameterize the policy controlling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Jinyang Jiang , Jiaqiao Hu , Yijie Peng

In recent years, many practitioners in quantitative finance have attempted to use Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) to build better quantitative trading (QT) strategies. Nevertheless, many existing studies fail to address several serious…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2022-06-14 Zitao Song , Xuyang Jin , Chenliang Li

Few-step diffusion models enable efficient high-resolution image synthesis but struggle to align with specific downstream objectives due to limitations of existing reinforcement learning (RL) methods in low-step regimes with limited state…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Ziyi Zhang , Li Shen , Sen Zhang , Deheng Ye , Yong Luo , Miaojing Shi , Dongjing Shan , Bo Du , Dacheng Tao

Reinforcement learning agents for portfolio management are typically trained and deployed as static policies, with no mechanism for using price forecasts at inference time. We propose $\text{FPILOT}$ (**Fin**ancial **P**lugin…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Eun Go , Rohan Deb , Arindam Banerjee

More and more stock trading strategies are constructed using deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithms, but DRL methods originally widely used in the gaming community are not directly adaptable to financial data with low signal-to-noise…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2023-07-27 Jie Zou , Jiashu Lou , Baohua Wang , Sixue Liu

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has been applied in financial portfolio management to improve returns in changing market conditions. However, unlike most fields where DRL is widely used, the stock market is more volatile and dynamic as it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Fengchen Gu , Angelos Stefanidis , Ángel García-Fernández , Jionglong Su , Huakang Li

The dynamic portfolio construction problem requires dynamic modeling of the joint distribution of multivariate stock returns. To achieve this, we propose a dynamic generative factor model which uses random variable transformation as an…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2024-01-18 Chuting Sun , Qi Wu , Xing Yan

Diffusion models have garnered widespread attention in Reinforcement Learning (RL) for their powerful expressiveness and multimodality. It has been verified that utilizing diffusion policies can significantly improve the performance of RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Shutong Ding , Ke Hu , Zhenhao Zhang , Kan Ren , Weinan Zhang , Jingyi Yu , Jingya Wang , Ye Shi