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The environmental impact of Large Language Models (LLMs) on data centers hosting these models is becoming a significant concern. While many efforts have focused on reducing the substantial training overhead of LLMs, carbon and water…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-10 Arash Khalatbarisoltani , Amin Mahmoudi , Jie Han , Muhammad Saeed , Wenxue Liu , Jinwen Li , Solmaz Kahourzade , Amirmehdi Yazdani , Xiaosong Hu

This work presents a fully data-driven, black-box pipeline to obtain an optimal control policy for a multi-loop building control problem based on historical building and weather data, thus without the need for complex physics-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-11 B. Svetozarevic , C. Baumann , S. Muntwiler , L. Di Natale , M. Zeilinger , P. Heer

Thermal comfort in shared spaces is essential to occupants well-being and necessary in the management of energy consumption. Existing thermal control systems for indoor shared spaces adjust temperature set points mechanically, making it…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-12 Isibor Kennedy Ihianle , Pedro Machado , Kayode Owa , David Ada Adama

This paper considers a demand response agent that must find a near-optimal sequence of decisions based on sparse observations of its environment. Extracting a relevant set of features from these observations is a challenging task and may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-28 Frederik Ruelens , Bert J. Claessens , Peter Vrancx , Fred Spiessens , Geert Deconinck

Efficiency, comfort, and convenience are three major aspects in the design of control systems for residential Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) units. In this paper we propose an optimization-based algorithm for HVAC control…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-05-03 Runxin He , Humberto Gonzalez

This paper studies optimal consensus tracking problem of heterogeneous linear multi-agent systems. By introducing tracking error dynamics, the optimal tracking problem is reformulated as finding a Nash-equilibrium solution of a multi-player…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-05-21 Jilie Zhang , Zhanshan Wang , Hongwei Zhang

Measuring the performance of solar energy and heat transfer systems requires a lot of time, economic cost and manpower. Meanwhile, directly predicting their performance is challenging due to the complicated internal structures. Fortunately,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-10-09 Hao Li , Zhijian Liu

This paper demonstrates a data-driven control approach for demand response in real-life residential buildings. The objective is to optimally schedule the heating cycles of the Domestic Hot Water (DHW) buffer to maximize the self-consumption…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-03-17 Oscar De Somer , Ana Soares , Tristan Kuijpers , Koen Vossen , Koen Vanthournout , Fred Spiessens

Thermostatically controlled loads and electric vehicles offer flexibility to reduce power peaks in low-voltage distribution networks. This flexibility can be maximized if the devices are coordinated centrally, given some level of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-10 Katharina Kaiser , Gustavo Valverde , Gabriela Hug

Demand response (DR) programs aim to engage distributed small-scale flexible loads, such as thermostatically controllable loads (TCLs), to provide various grid support services. Linearly Solvable Markov Decision Process (LS-MDP), a variant…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-22 Ali Hassan , Deepjyoti Deka , Michael Chertkov , Yury Dvorkin

Energy consumption for hot water production is a major draw in high efficiency buildings. Optimizing this has typically been approached from a thermodynamics perspective, decoupled from occupant influence. Furthermore, optimization usually…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-01-08 Hussain Kazmi , Fahad Mehmood , Stefan Lodeweyckx , Johan Driesen

Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) is extremely energy-consuming, accounting for 40% of total building energy consumption. Therefore, it is crucial to design some energy-efficient building thermal control policies which can…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-20 Guanyu Gao , Jie Li , Yonggang Wen

With the rise of distributed energy resources and sector coupling, distributed optimization can be a sensible approach to coordinate decentralized energy resources. Further, district heating, heat pumps, cogeneration, and sharing concepts…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Rico Schrage , Jari Radler , Astrid Nieße

In the pursuit of finding an optimal policy, reinforcement learning (RL) methods generally ignore the properties of learned policies apart from their expected return. Thus, even when successful, it is difficult to characterize which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Yash Jhaveri , Harley Wiltzer , Patrick Shafto , Marc G. Bellemare , David Meger

In this paper, we investigate an energy cost minimization problem for a smart home in the absence of a building thermal dynamics model with the consideration of a comfortable temperature range. Due to the existence of model uncertainty,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-12-20 Liang Yu , Weiwei Xie , Di Xie , Yulong Zou , Dengyin Zhang , Zhixin Sun , Linghua Zhang , Yue Zhang , Tao Jiang

We are concerned with the optimal control problem of the well known nonlocal thermistor problem, i.e., in studying the heat transfer in the resistor device whose electrical conductivity is strongly dependent on the temperature. Existence of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2012-10-09 Moulay Rchid Sidi Ammi , Delfim F. M. Torres

In this paper we consider calibration of hydraulic models for district heating systems based on operational data. We extend previous theoretical work on the topic to handle real-world complications, namely unknown valve characteristics and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-02 Felix Agner , Christian Møller Jensen , Anders Rantzer , Carsten Skovmose Kallesøe , Rafal Wisniewski

We consider the problem of optimal control of district cooling energy plants (DCEPs) consisting of multiple chillers, a cooling tower, and a thermal energy storage (TES), in the presence of time-varying electricity price. A straightforward…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-09 Zhong Guo , Aditya Chaudhari , Austin R. Coffman , Prabir Barooah

It is known that reinforcement learning (RL) is data-hungry. To improve sample-efficiency of RL, it has been proposed that the learning algorithm utilize data from 'approximately similar' processes. However, since the process models are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Vinay Kanakeri , Shivam Bajaj , Ashwin Verma , Vijay Gupta , Aritra Mitra

The work presented in this paper relates to a small scale district heating network heated by a gas fired CHP. In most common situations, such a CHP is heat driven operated, meaning that the CHP will switch on whenever heat is needed, while…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-02-21 Dirk Vanhoudt , Bert Claessens , Robbe Salenbien , Johan Desmedt