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We report a Rashba spin splitting of a two-dimensional electron gas in the topological insulator Bi$_2$Se$_3$ from angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We further demonstrate its electrostatic control, and show that spin splittings…
We have systematically studied multimode interferometer (MMI) splitters made from multiple tapered sections. The goal is to create a library of robust and low-loss splitters covering all splitting ratios (SR) for our silicon photonics…
Chalcogenide-based optical phase change materials (OPCMs) exhibit a large contrast in refractive index when reversibly switched between their stable amorphous and crystalline states. OPCMs have rapidly gained attention due to their…
The scalable integration of solid-state quantum emitters into photonic nanostructures remains a central challenge for quantum photonic technologies. Here, we demonstrate a robust and streamlined integration strategy that tackles the…
Miniatured computational spectrometers, distinguished by their compact size and lightweight, have shown great promise for on-chip and portable applications in the fields of healthcare, environmental monitoring, food safety, and industrial…
Programmable photonic integrated circuits (PICs) offer a unique opportunity to create a flexible platform, akin to electronic field programmable gate array (FPGA). These photonic PGAs can implement versatile functionalities for applications…
The spectral resolution of a dispersive astronomical spectrograph is limited by the trade-off between throughput and the width of the entrance slit. Photonic guided-wave transitions have been proposed as a route to bypass this trade-off, by…
Techniques to mold the flow of light on subwavelength scales enable fundamentally new optical systems and device applications. The realization of programmable, active optical systems with fast, tunable components is among the outstanding…
We study the manipulation of the photoelectron spin-polarization in Bi$_2$Se$_3$ by spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. General rules are established that enable controlling the spin-polarization of photoemitted electrons…
Unlocking the full potential of integrated photonics requires versatile, multi-functional devices that can adapt to diverse application demands. However, confronting this challenge with conventional single-function resonators often results…
The spectral resolution of a dispersive spectrograph is dependent on the width of the entrance slit. This means that astronomical spectrographs trade-off throughput with spectral resolving power. Recently, optical guided-wave transitions…
The optical properties of phase-change materials (PCM) can be tuned to multiple levels by controlling the transition between their amorphous and crystalline phases. In multi-material PCM structures, the number of discrete reflectance levels…
Structured optical materials provide a promising platform for photonic quantum information processing in free space. Beam splitters, a fundamental building block of photonic circuits, have recently been demonstrated in free space using…
In this work, we unveil the advantages of synergizing cooperative rate splitting (CRS) with user relaying and simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR RIS). Specifically, we propose a novel STAR…
The functionalities of a wide range of optical and opto-electronic devices are based on resonance effects and active tuning of the amplitude and wavelength response is often essential. Plasmonic nanostructures are an efficient way to create…
The primary mechanism of optical memristive devices relies on the phase transitions between amorphous-crystalline states. The slow or energy hungry amorphous-crystalline transitions in optical phase-change materials are detrimental to the…
Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), a recently introduced technology for future wireless com-munication systems, enhances the spectral and energy efficiency by intelligently adjusting the propaga-tion conditions between a base station…
Photocatalysis in atomically thin semiconductors is often limited by rapid electron-hole recombination, making it difficult to translate favorable band structures into efficient chemical function. Here we propose symmetry-defined periodic…
We experimentally demonstrate a very large dynamic optical reflection modulation from a simple unpatterned layered stack of phase-change materials ultrathin films. Specifically, we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate that properly…
Chalcogenide phase-change materials (PCMs) offer new paradigms for programmable photonic integrated circuits (PICs) thanks to their zero static energy and significant refractive index contrast. However, prototypical PCMs, such as GeSbTe…