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Auto-bidding plays a crucial role in facilitating online advertising by automatically providing bids for advertisers. Reinforcement learning (RL) has gained popularity for auto-bidding. However, most current RL auto-bidding methods are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Jiayan Guo , Yusen Huo , Zhilin Zhang , Tianyu Wang , Chuan Yu , Jian Xu , Yan Zhang , Bo Zheng

Auto-bidding, with its strong capability to optimize bidding decisions within dynamic and competitive online environments, has become a pivotal strategy for advertising platforms. Existing approaches typically employ rule-based strategies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Jingtong Gao , Yewen Li , Shuai Mao , Peng Jiang , Nan Jiang , Yejing Wang , Qingpeng Cai , Fei Pan , Peng Jiang , Kun Gai , Bo An , Xiangyu Zhao

In the realm of online advertising, automated bidding has become a pivotal tool, enabling advertisers to efficiently capture impression opportunities in real-time. Recently, generative auto-bidding has shown significant promise, offering…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Yulong Gao , Wan Jiang , Mingzhe Cao , Xuepu Wang , Zeyu Pan , Haonan Yang , Ye Liu , Xin Yang

Auto-bidding services optimize real-time bidding strategies for advertisers under key performance indicator (KPI) constraints such as target return on investment and budget. However, uncertainties such as model prediction errors and…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Linghui Meng , Chun Gan , Shengsheng Niu , Chengcheng Zhang , Chenchen Li , Chuan Yang , Yi Mao , Xin Zhu , Jie He , Zhangang Lin , Ching Law

Auto-bidding is essential in facilitating online advertising by automatically placing bids on behalf of advertisers. Generative auto-bidding, which generates bids based on an adjustable condition using models like transformers and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Yewen Li , Shuai Mao , Jingtong Gao , Nan Jiang , Yunjian Xu , Qingpeng Cai , Fei Pan , Peng Jiang , Bo An

With the rapid development of e-commerce, auto-bidding has become a key asset in optimizing advertising performance under diverse advertiser environments. The current approaches focus on reinforcement learning (RL) and generative models.…

Auto-bidding systems aim to maximize advertiser value over long horizons under budget constraints and ratio targets such as cost-per-acquisition, yet future traffic and auction dynamics are non-stationary and uncertain. Existing approaches…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Eunseok Yang , Xingdong Zuo , Kyung-Min Kim

In online advertising, advertisers participate in ad auctions to acquire ad opportunities, often by utilizing auto-bidding tools provided by demand-side platforms (DSPs). The current auto-bidding algorithms typically employ reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Haoming Li , Yusen Huo , Shuai Dou , Zhenzhe Zheng , Zhilin Zhang , Chuan Yu , Jian Xu , Fan Wu

Modern auto-bidding systems are required to balance overall performance with diverse advertiser goals and real-world constraints, reflecting the dynamic and evolving needs of the industry. Recent advances in conditional generative models,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yu Lei , Jiayang Zhao , Yilei Zhao , Zhaoqi Zhang , Linyou Cai , Qianlong Xie , Xingxing Wang

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a promising paradigm that enables clients to collaboratively train a shared global model without uploading their local data. To alleviate the heterogeneous data quality among clients, artificial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Guangjing Huang , Qiong Wu , Jingyi Li , Xu Chen

Advertisement auctions play a crucial role in revenue generation for e-commerce companies. To make the bidding procedure scalable to thousands of auctions, the automatic bidding (autobidding) algorithms are actively developed in the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Andrey Pudovikov , Alexandra Khirianova , Ekaterina Solodneva , Aleksandr Katrutsa , Egor Samosvat , Yuriy Dorn

In online advertising, the inherent complexity and dynamic nature of advertising environments necessitate the use of auto-bidding services to assist advertisers in bid optimization. This complexity is further compounded in multi-channel…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Xinxin Yang , Yangyang Tang , Yikun Zhou , Yaolei Liu , Yun Li , Bo Yang

Auction-based recommender systems are prevalent in online advertising platforms, but they are typically optimized to allocate recommendation slots based on immediate expected return metrics, neglecting the downstream effects of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Ruiyang Xu , Jalaj Bhandari , Dmytro Korenkevych , Fan Liu , Yuchen He , Alex Nikulkov , Zheqing Zhu

Online auction scenarios, such as bidding searches on advertising platforms, often require bidders to participate repeatedly in auctions for identical or similar items. Most previous studies have only considered the process by which the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Yudong Hu , Congying Han , Tiande Guo , Hao Xiao

In generative adversarial imitation learning (GAIL), the agent aims to learn a policy from an expert demonstration so that its performance cannot be discriminated from the expert policy on a certain predefined reward set. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-20 Zhihan Liu , Yufeng Zhang , Zuyue Fu , Zhuoran Yang , Zhaoran Wang

Effective exploration continues to be a significant challenge that prevents the deployment of reinforcement learning for many physical systems. This is particularly true for systems with continuous and high-dimensional state and action…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-21 Trevor Ablett , Bryan Chan , Jonathan Kelly

In this paper, a new population-guided parallel learning scheme is proposed to enhance the performance of off-policy reinforcement learning (RL). In the proposed scheme, multiple identical learners with their own value-functions and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-10 Whiyoung Jung , Giseung Park , Youngchul Sung

Modern content platforms offer paid promotion to mitigate cold start by allocating exposure via auctions. Our empirical analysis reveals a counterintuitive flaw in this paradigm: while promotion rescues low-to-medium quality content, it can…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Yumou Liu , Zhenzhe Zheng , Jiang Rong , Yao Hu , Fan Wu , Guihai Chen

Automated bidding is central to modern digital advertising. Early rule-based methods lacked adaptability, while subsequent Reinforcement Learning approaches modeled bidding as a Markov Decision Process but struggled with long-term…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Mingming Zhang , Feiqing Zhuang , Na Li , Shengjie Sun , Xiaowei Chen , Junxiong Zhu , Fei Xiao , Keping Yang , Lixin Zou , Chenliang Li

The online advertising market, with its thousands of auctions run per second, presents a daunting challenge for advertisers who wish to optimize their spend under a budget constraint. Thus, advertising platforms typically provide automated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Dmytro Korenkevych , Frank Cheng , Artsiom Balakir , Alex Nikulkov , Lingnan Gao , Zhihao Cen , Zuobing Xu , Zheqing Zhu
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