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In 1924, Satyendra Nath Bose's pioneering work laid the foundation for Bose-Einstein statistics, which describes particles with integral spins. His derivation of Planck's law for blackbody radiation bypassed classical assumptions, relying…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2025-05-20 Shreetam Dash , Prasanta K. Panigrahi

In 1924, Einstein received a short manuscript in the mail from the Indian physicist S.N. Bose. He quickly translated Bose's manuscript to German and submitted it to Zeitschrift f\"ur Physik. Within a few weeks, Einstein presented his own…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2025-04-08 Masud Mansuripur

In this brief note I address the question not frequently asked, namely, why did it take two decades between Einstein's first proposal of photons and derivation of the full Planck formula from first principles of Statistical Mechanics,…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2019-05-29 Urjit A. Yajnik

In this article, we analyze the third of three papers, in which Einstein presented his quantum theory of the ideal gas of 1924-1925. Although it failed to attract the attention of Einstein's contemporaries and although also today very few…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2013-12-17 Enric Pérez , Tilman Sauer

In classical physics the joint probability of a number of individually rare independent events is given by the Poisson distribution. It describes, for example, unidirectional transfer of population between the densely and sparsely populated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-12 Dmitri Sokolovski

As we approach the centenary of the discovery of quantum statistics in 1924, it is important to revisit Bose's original derivation of Planck's law usually ignored in most standard presentations of Bose-Einstein statistics. It introduced not…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2023-08-21 Partha Ghose

A theory of Bose-Einstein condensation of light in a dye-filled optical microcavity is presented. The theory is based on the hierarchical maximum entropy principle and allows one to investigate the fluctuating behavior of the photon gas in…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2013-08-20 Denis Nikolaevich Sob'yanin

We propose a method of numerical modeling Bose Einstein Correlations by using the notion of Elementary Emitting Cells (EEC). They are intermediary objects containing identical bosons and are supposed to be produced independently during the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 Oleg Utyuzh , Grzegorz Wilk , Zbigniew Wlodarczyk

We review here the main contributions of Einstein to the quantum theory. To put them in perspective we first give an account of Physics as it was before him. It is followed by a brief account of the problem of black body radiation which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Virendra Singh

The role of Bose-Einstein correlations in a widely discussed intermittency phenomenon is reviewed. In particular, it is shown that particle correlations of different origin are better displayed when analysed as functions of appropriately…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-25 I. V. Andreev , M. Biyajima , I. M. Dremin , N. Suzuki

We propose a stochastic description of the dynamics of a Bose-Einstein condensate within the context of Nelson stochastic mechanics. We start from the $N$ interacting conservative diffusions, associated with the $N$ Bose particles, and take…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-06-26 Luigi Borasi , Francesco C. De Vecchi , Stefania Ugolini

The role of repulsive interactions in statistical systems of Bose particles is investigated. Three different phenomenological frameworks are considered: a mean field model, an excluded volume model, and a model with a medium dependent…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-09-16 Oleh Savchuk , Yehor Bondar , Oleksandr Stashko , Roman V. Poberezhnyuk , Volodymyr Vovchenko , Mark I. Gorenstein , Horst Stoecker

We study peculiarities of Bose-Einstein condensation of photons that are in thermodynamic equilibrium with atoms of noninteracting gases. General equations of the thermodynamic equilibrium of the system under study are obtained. We examine…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2013-07-31 Alex Kruchkov , Yurii Slyusarenko

The interplay between optical and statistical physics is a rich and exciting field of study. Black body radiation was the first application of photon statistics, although it was initially treated as a problem of the cavity oscillators in…

A historical overview is given on the basic results which appeared by the year 1926 concerning Einstein's fluctuation formula of black-body radiation, in the context of light-quanta and wave-particle duality. On the basis of the original…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Sandor Varro

We introduce a classical stochastic field method that accounts for the quantum fluctuations responsible for spontaneous initiation of various atom optics processes. We assume a delta-correlated Gaussian noise in all initially empty modes of…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-11-10 J. Chwedenczuk , M. Trippenbach , K. Rzazewski

Boltzmann's struggle with a derivation of the Second Law of Thermodynamics is sketched. So is his first derivation of the connection between entropy and probability in 1877. Planck's derivation and quantum mechanical modifications of…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2008-07-11 E. G. D. Cohen

Bose-Einstein correlations are studied in the framework of a class of independent particle production models. This generalizes the studies for a variety of models proposed previously. It is shown that the Bose-Einstein correlations lead for…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-31 K. Zalewski

Development of the contemporary theory of physical phenomena in the microcosm is considered to be a result of development of Einstein's ideas on a possibility of the event space modification and on a possibility of stochastic (Brownian)…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Yuri A. Rylov

Indistinguishability of particles is normally considered to be an inherently quantum property which cannot be possessed by a classical theory. However, Saunders has argued that this is incorrect, and that classically indistinguishable…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Daniel Gottesman
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