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Recently, the problem of robustness of pre-trained language models (PrLMs) has received increasing research interest. Latest studies on adversarial attacks achieve high attack success rates against PrLMs, claiming that PrLMs are not robust.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Jiayi Wang , Rongzhou Bao , Zhuosheng Zhang , Hai Zhao

Various techniques are used in the generation of adversarial examples, including methods such as TextBugger which introduce minor, hardly visible perturbations to words leading to changes in model behaviour. Another class of techniques…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Paweł Walkowiak , Marek Klonowski , Marcin Oleksy , Arkadiusz Janz

Anti-malware engines are the first line of defense against malicious software. While widely used, feature engineering-based anti-malware engines are vulnerable to unseen (zero-day) attacks. Recently, deep learning-based static anti-malware…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Mohammadreza Ebrahimi , Ning Zhang , James Hu , Muhammad Taqi Raza , Hsinchun Chen

Anti-analysis techniques, particularly packing, challenge malware analysts, making packer identification fundamental. Existing packer identifiers have significant limitations: signature-based methods lack flexibility and struggle against…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Marco Di Gennaro , Mario D'Onghia , Mario Polino , Stefano Zanero , Michele Carminati

This paper presents an underlying framework for both automating and accelerating malware classification, more specifically, mapping malicious executables to known Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) groups. The main feature of this analysis is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Noah Subedar , Taeui Kim , Saathwick Venkataramalingam

The paper describes how to detect malicious executable files based on static analysis of their binary content. The stages of pre-processing and cleaning data extracted from different areas of executable files are analyzed. Methods of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-16 Nikolay Prudkovskiy

The NPM ecosystem has become a primary target for software supply chain attacks, yet existing detection tools are evaluated in isolation on incompatible datasets, making cross-tool comparison unreliable. We conduct a benchmark-driven…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Wenbo Guo , Zhongwen Chen , Zhengzi Xu , Chengwei Liu , Ming Kang , Shiwen Song , Chengyue Liu , Yijia Xu , Weisong Sun , Yang Liu

ML-based malware detection on dynamic analysis reports is vulnerable to both evasion and spurious correlations. In this work, we investigate a specific ML architecture employed in the pipeline of a widely-known commercial antivirus company,…

Deep learning-based approaches, particularly those leveraging pre-trained language models (PLMs), have shown promise in automated software vulnerability detection. However, existing methods are predominantly limited to specific programming…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Junji Yu , Honglin Shu , Michael Fu , Dong Wang , Chakkrit Tantithamthavorn , Yasutaka Kamei , Junjie Chen

Robustness of huge Transformer-based models for natural language processing is an important issue due to their capabilities and wide adoption. One way to understand and improve robustness of these models is an exploration of an adversarial…

Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples, i.e., carefully-perturbed inputs aimed to mislead classification. This work proposes a detection method based on combining non-linear dimensionality reduction and density…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-02 Francesco Crecchi , Davide Bacciu , Battista Biggio

Nowadays most of the malware applications are either packed or protected. This techniques are applied especially to evade signature based detectors and also to complicate the job of reverse engineers or security analysts. The time one must…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2009-05-29 Piotr Bania

Deep learning-based malware detection systems are vulnerable to adversarial EXEmples - carefully-crafted malicious programs that evade detection with minimal perturbation. As such, the community is dedicating effort to develop mechanisms to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Daniel Gibert , Luca Demetrio , Giulio Zizzo , Quan Le , Jordi Planes , Battista Biggio

We present a new algorithm to train a robust malware detector. Modern malware detectors rely on machine learning algorithms. Now, the adversarial objective is to devise alterations to the malware code to decrease the chance of being…

Adversarial EXEmples are carefully-perturbed programs tailored to evade machine learning Windows malware detectors, with an ongoing effort to develop robust models able to address detection effectiveness. However, even if robust models can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Matous Kozak , Luca Demetrio , Dmitrijs Trizna , Fabio Roli

Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) algorithms, coupled with the availability of faster computing infrastructure, have enhanced the security posture of cybersecurity operations centers (defenders)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Soumyadeep Hore , Jalal Ghadermazi , Diwas Paudel , Ankit Shah , Tapas K. Das , Nathaniel D. Bastian

State-of-the-art deep neural networks have proven to be highly powerful in a broad range of tasks, including semantic image segmentation. However, these networks are vulnerable against adversarial attacks, i.e., non-perceptible…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Kira Maag , Asja Fischer

Malware analysis is a complex process of examining and evaluating malicious software's functionality, origin, and potential impact. This arduous process typically involves dissecting the software to understand its components, infection…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Brandon J Walton , Mst Eshita Khatun , James M Ghawaly , Aisha Ali-Gombe

While vision and multimodal foundation models underpin critical tasks from perception to complex reasoning, they remain highly vulnerable to adversarial attacks. However, traditional adversarial attacks are typically limited to single,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Ye Sun , Xin Wang , Jiaming Zhang , Yifeng Gao , Yixu Wang , Yifan Ding , Qixian Zhang , Henghui Ding , Xingjun Ma , Yu-Gang Jiang

Large Language Models (LLMs), characterized by being trained on broad amounts of data in a self-supervised manner, have shown impressive performance across a wide range of tasks. Indeed, their generative abilities have aroused interest on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Jorge García-Carrasco , Alejandro Maté , Juan Trujillo