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Vision-language models have demonstrated impressive capabilities as computer-use agents (CUAs) capable of automating diverse computer tasks. As their commercial potential grows, critical details of the most capable CUA systems remain…

Computer-Use Agents (CUAs) are emerging as a new paradigm in human-computer interaction, enabling autonomous execution of tasks in desktop environment by perceiving high-level natural-language instructions. As such agents become…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Marta Sumyk , Oleksandr Kosovan

Computer Use Agents (CUAs) can act through both atomic GUI actions, such as click and type, and high-level tool calls, such as API-based file operations, but this hybrid action space often leaves them uncertain about when to continue with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Xuhao Hu , Xi Zhang , Haiyang Xu , Kyle Qiao , Jingyi Yang , Xuanjing Huang , Jing Shao , Ming Yan , Jieping Ye

Computer use agents (CUA) are systems that automatically interact with graphical user interfaces (GUIs) to complete tasks. CUA have made significant progress with the advent of large vision-language models (VLMs). However, these agents…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Man Luo , David Cobbley , Xin Su , Shachar Rosenman , Vasudev Lal , Shao-Yen Tseng , Phillip Howard

Computer-use agents face a fundamental limitation. They rely exclusively on primitive GUI actions (click, type, scroll), creating brittle execution chains prone to cascading failures. While API-driven agents harness rich capabilities…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yuhao Yang , Zhen Yang , Zi-Yi Dou , Anh Nguyen , Keen You , Omar Attia , Andrew Szot , Michael Feng , Ram Ramrakhya , Alexander Toshev , Chao Huang , Yinfei Yang , Zhe Gan

Computer-use agents (CUAs) hold great promise for automating complex desktop workflows, yet progress toward general-purpose agents is bottlenecked by the scarcity of continuous, high-quality human demonstration videos. Recent work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Xiangru Jian , Shravan Nayak , Kevin Qinghong Lin , Aarash Feizi , Kaixin Li , Patrice Bechard , Spandana Gella , Sai Rajeswar

Computer-Using Agents (CUAs) aim to autonomously operate computer systems to complete real-world tasks. However, existing agentic systems remain difficult to scale and lag behind human performance. A key limitation is the absence of…

The development of native computer-use agents (CUA) represents a significant leap in multimodal AI. However, their potential is currently bottlenecked by the constraints of static data scaling. Existing paradigms relying primarily on…

Effectively scaling GUI automation is essential for computer-use agents (CUAs); however, existing work primarily focuses on scaling GUI grounding rather than the more crucial GUI planning, which requires more sophisticated data collection.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Deyang Jiang , Jing Huang , Xuanle Zhao , Lei Chen , Liming Zheng , Fanfan Liu , Haibo Qiu , Peng Shi , Zhixiong Zeng

With the rapid advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs), an increasing number of studies have leveraged LLMs as the cognitive core of agents to address complex task decision-making challenges. Specially, recent research has demonstrated…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Di Zhao , Longhui Ma , Siwei Wang , Miao Wang , Zhao Lv

Building reliable computer-use agents requires grounding: accurately connecting natural language instructions to the correct on-screen elements. While large datasets exist for web and mobile interactions, high-quality resources for desktop…

Computer use agents (CUAs) can operate real-world digital interfaces but remain difficult to train due to the high cost of graphical user interface (GUI) interaction and the scarcity of high-quality trajectory data. Existing datasets rely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Yifei He , Pranit Chawla , Yaser Souri , Subhojit Som , Xia Song

Computer-Using Agents (CUAs) are rapidly extending large language models (LLMs) beyond text-based reasoning toward action execution in more complex environments, such as web browsers and graphical user interfaces (GUIs). However, existing…

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has driven breakthroughs in domains such as math, tool-use, and software engineering, yet its extension to computer-use agents (CUAs) has been bottlenecked by the scarcity of scalable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Bowen Wang , Dunjie Lu , Junli Wang , Tianyi Bai , Shixuan Liu , Zhipeng Zhang , Haiquan Wang , Hao Hu , Tianbao Xie , Shuai Bai , Dayiheng Liu , Que Shen , Junyang Lin , Tao Yu

Computer-use agent (CUA) frameworks, powered by large language models (LLMs) or multimodal LLMs (MLLMs), are rapidly maturing as assistants that can perceive context, reason, and act directly within software environments. Among their most…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Weidi Luo , Qiming Zhang , Tianyu Lu , Xiaogeng Liu , Bin Hu , Hung-Chun Chiu , Siyuan Ma , Yizhe Zhang , Xusheng Xiao , Yinzhi Cao , Zhen Xiang , Chaowei Xiao

Utilizing Graphic User Interface (GUI) for human-computer interaction is essential for accessing a wide range of digital tools. Recent advancements in Vision Language Models (VLMs) highlight the compelling potential to develop versatile…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Wentong Chen , Junbo Cui , Jinyi Hu , Yujia Qin , Junjie Fang , Yue Zhao , Chongyi Wang , Jun Liu , Guirong Chen , Yupeng Huo , Yuan Yao , Yankai Lin , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Recent Computer-Using Agents (CUAs), powered by multimodal large language models (LLMs), offer a promising direction for automating complex desktop workflows through natural language. However, most existing CUAs remain conceptual…

Computer-use agents (CUAs) automate on-screen work, as illustrated by GPT-5.4 and Claude. Yet their reliability on complex, low-frequency interactions is still poor, limiting user trust. Our analysis of failure cases from advanced models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Miaosen Zhang , Xiaohan Zhao , Zhihong Tan , Zhou Huoshen , Yijia Fan , Yifan Yang , Kai Qiu , Bei Liu , Justin Wagle , Chenzhong Yin , Mingxi Cheng , Ji Li , Qi Dai , Chong Luo , Xu Yang , Xin Geng , Baining Guo

Agents for computer use (ACUs) are an emerging class of systems capable of executing complex tasks on digital devices -- such as desktops, mobile phones, and web platforms -- given instructions in natural language. These agents can automate…

We introduce SCUBA, a benchmark designed to evaluate computer-use agents on customer relationship management (CRM) workflows within the Salesforce platform. SCUBA contains 300 task instances derived from real user interviews, spanning three…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Yutong Dai , Krithika Ramakrishnan , Jing Gu , Matthew Fernandez , Yanqi Luo , Viraj Prabhu , Zhenyu Hu , Silvio Savarese , Caiming Xiong , Zeyuan Chen , Ran Xu
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