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According to the recently discovered 'Law of Urination', mammals, ranging in size from mice to elephants, take, on the average, 21s to urinate. We attempt to gain insights into the physical processes responsible for this uniformity using…

Medical Physics · Physics 2014-03-26 Peter Palffy-Muhoray , Yijing Chen , Hiroshi Yokoyama , Xiaoyu Zheng

We consider an irreducible finite range random walk on the $d$-dimensional integer lattice and study asymptotic behaviour of its transition function $p(n; x)$. In particular, for simple random walk our asymptotic formula is valid as long as…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-12-31 Bartosz Trojan

Random walks with memory typically involve rules where a preference for either revisiting or avoiding those sites visited in the past are introduced somehow. Such effects have a direct consequence on the statistics of first-passage and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-07-03 Daniel Campos , Vicenç Méndez

We introduce a model of self-repelling random walks where the short-range interaction between two elements of the chain decreases as a power of the difference in proper time. Analytic results on the exponent $\nu$ are obtained. They are in…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2015-06-25 S. Caracciolo , G. Parisi , A. Pelissetto

We investigate the effects of markovian resseting events on continuous time random walks where the waiting times and the jump lengths are random variables distributed according to power law probability density functions. We prove the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-02-10 Vicenç Méndez , Axel Masó-Puigdellosas , Trifce Sandev , Daniel Campos

Associated to a random walk on $\mathbb{Z}$ and a positive integer $n$, there is a return probability of the random walk returning to the origin after $n$ steps. An interesting question is when the set of return probabilities uniquely…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-12-15 Max Zhou

We study the first passage time properties of an integrated Brownian curve both in homogeneous and disordered environments. In a disordered medium we relate the scaling properties of this center of mass persistence of a random walker to the…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-10-31 H. Rieger , F. Igloi

Consider a supercritical branching random walk in a time-inhomogeneous random environment. We impose a selection (called barrier) on survival in the following way. The position of the barrier may depend on the generation and the…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-07-02 You Lv

We derive a general formula for computing the expected first return time of a random walk on a finite graph. Using this framework, we calculate the expected first return time in various settings over bounded rectangular grids with different…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-05-06 Nan An

We discuss some applications of the Mittag-Leffler function and related probability distributions in the theory of renewal processes and continuous time random walks. In particular we show the asymptotic (long time) equivalence of a generic…

Probability · Mathematics 2010-04-27 Rudolf Gorenflo

In this paper, we investigate random walks in a family of small-world trees having an exponential degree distribution. First, we address a trapping problem, that is, a particular case of random walks with an immobile trap located at the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2011-08-25 Zhongzhi Zhang , Xintong Li , Yuan Lin , Guanrong Chen

In a step reinforced random walk, at each integer time and with a fixed probability p $\in$ (0, 1), the walker repeats one of his previous steps chosen uniformly at random, and with complementary probability 1 -- p, the walker makes an…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-10-22 Jean Bertoin

We study the first-passage properties of a random walk in the unit interval in which the length of a single step is uniformly distributed over the finite range [-a,a]. For a of the order of one, the exit probabilities to each edge of the…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2007-05-23 T. Antal , S. Redner

For group-living animals, reaching consensus to stay cohesive is crucial for their fitness, particularly when collective motion starts and stops. Understanding the decision-making at individual and collective levels upon sudden disturbances…

Biological Physics · Physics 2017-02-08 Sylvain Toulet , Jacques Gautrais , Richard Bon , Fernando Peruani

We consider a random walker whose motion is tethered around a focal point. We use two models that exhibit the same spatial dependence in the steady state but widely different dynamics. In one case, the walker is subject to a deterministic…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-01-11 Luca Giuggioli , Shamik Gupta , Matt Chase

In reinforcement learning, it is common to let an agent interact for a fixed amount of time with its environment before resetting it and repeating the process in a series of episodes. The task that the agent has to learn can either be to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-28 Fabio Pardo , Arash Tavakoli , Vitaly Levdik , Petar Kormushev

Self-interacting random walks are endowed with long range memory effects that emerge from the interaction of the random walker at time $t$ with the territory that it has visited at earlier times $t'<t$. This class of non Markovian random…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-09-28 Alex Barbier--Chebbah , Olivier Benichou , Raphael Voituriez

The class of random walks in one dimension, returning to the origin, restricted by the requirement that any site visited (different from the origin) is visited an even number of times, is analyzed in the present note. We call this class the…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 G. M. Cicuta , M. Contedini

Reinforcement learning has become the central approach for language models (LMs) to learn from environmental reward or feedback. In practice, the environmental feedback is usually sparse and delayed. Learning from such signals is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Taiwei Shi , Sihao Chen , Bowen Jiang , Linxin Song , Longqi Yang , Jieyu Zhao

We study the Activated Random Walk model on the one-dimensional ring, in the high density regime. We develop a toppling procedure that gradually builds an environment that can be used to show that activity will be sustained for a long time.…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-09 Bernardo N. B. de Lima , Leonardo T. Rolla , Célio Terra