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Knowledge of the mass composition of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays is crucial to understanding their origins; however, current approaches have limited event-by-event resolution. With fluorescence telescope measurements of the longitudinal…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-10 Zhuoyi Wang , Eric Mayotte , Sonja Mayotte , Nathan Woo , Julia Burton-Heibges , Nicolas San Martin , Cailyn Smith

Large Array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope (LACT) is an array of 32 Cherenkov telescopes with 6-meter diameter mirrors to be constructed at the LHAASO site, aiming to enhance our understanding of ultra-high energy gamma ray…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-26 Zhipeng Zhang , Ruizhi Yang , Shoushan Zhang

The aim of extensive air shower (EAS) analysis is to reconstruct the physical parameters of the primary particle that initiated the shower. The TAIGA experiment is a hybrid detector system that combines several imaging atmospheric Cherenkov…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-14 Yu. Yu. Dubenskaya , S. P. Polyakov , A. P. Kryukov , A. P. Demichev , E. O. Gres , E. B. Postnikov , A. Yu. Razumov , P. A. Volchugov , D. P. Zhurov

We have studied the distribution patterns of lateral density, arrival time and angular position of Cherenkov photons generated in Extensive Air Showers (EASs) initiated by $\gamma$-ray, proton and iron primaries incident with various…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-03-15 G. S. Das , P. Hazarika , U. D. Goswami

We present simulations of a large array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs), for which the size of the array footprint is much larger than the size of the Cherenkov lightpool. To evaluate limitations of the imaging…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-08-22 S. J. Fegan , V. V. Vassiliev

The physics of the non-thermal Universe provides information on the acceleration mechanisms in extreme environments, such as black holes and relativistic jets, neutron stars, supernovae or clusters of galaxies. In the presence of magnetic…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-11 C. Boisson , A. M. Brown , A. Burtovoi , M. Cerruti , M. Chernyakova , T. Hassan , J. -P. Lenain , M. Manganaro , P. Romano , H. Sol , F. Tavecchio , S. Vercellone , L. Zampieri , R. Zanin , A. Zech , I. Agudo , R. Alves Batista , E. O. Anguner , L. A. Antonelli , M. Backes , C. Balazs , J. Becerra González , C. Bigongiari , E. Bissaldi , J. Bolmont , P. Bordas , Ž. Bošnjak , M. Böttcher , M. Burton , F. Cangemi , P. Caraveo , M. Cardillo , S. Caroff , A. Carosi , S. Casanova , S. Chaty , J. L. Contreras , J. G. Coelho , G. Cotter , A. D'Aì , F. D'Ammando , E. M. de Gouveia Dal Pino , D. de Martino , C. Delgado , D. della Volpe , A. Djannati-Ataï , R. C. Dos Anjos , E. de Oña Wilhelmi , V. Dwarkadas , G. Emery , E. Fedorova , S. Fegan , M. D. Filipovic , G. Galanti , D. Gasparrini , G. Ghirlanda , P. Goldoni , J. Granot , J. G. Green , M. Heller , B. Hnatyk , R. Hnatyk , D. Horan , T. Hovatta , S. Inoue , M. Jamrozy , B. Khélifi , N. Komin , K. Kohri , A. Lamastra , N. La Palombara , E. Lindfors , I. Liodakis , S. Lombardi , F. Longo , F. Lucarelli , P. L. Luque-Escamilla , J. Marti , M. Martinez , D. Mazin , J. D. Mbarubucyeye , S. Menchiari , L. Mohrmann , T. Montaruli , A. Moralejo Olaizola , D. Morcuende , G. Morlino , A. Morselli , C. G. Mundell , T. Murach , A. Nagai , A. Nayerhoda , J. Niemiec , M. Nikolajuk , B. Olmi , M. Orienti , J. M. Paredes , G. Pareschi , A. Pe'er , G. Pühlhofer , M. Punch , O. Reimer , M. Ribó , F. Rieger , G. Rodriguez , J. Rodriguez , G. Romeo , M. Roncadelli , G. Rowell , B. Rudak , I. Sadeh , F. Salesa Greus , U. Sawangwit , F. Schüssler , O. Sergijenko , R. C. Shellard , F. G. Saturni , A. Stamerra , Th. Stolarczyk , G. Tagliaferri , V. Testa , L. Tibaldo , S. Ventura , A. Viana , J. Vink , V. Vitale , S. Vorobiov , A. Wierzcholska , M. Zacharias , D. Zavrtanik

Understanding the sources, acceleration mechanisms, and propagation of cosmic rays is an active area of research in astro-particle physics. Measuring the spectrum and elemental composition of cosmic rays on earth can help solve this…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-08-20 Henrike Fleischhack

Ground-based atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes are proven to be effective instruments for observations of very high energy (VHE) gamma-radiation from celestial objects. For effective use of such technique one needs detailed Monte Carlo…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 A. Konopelko , A. Plyasheshnikov

During the last decade ground-based very high-energy gamma-ray astronomy achieved a remarkable advancement in the development of the observational technique for the registration and study of gamma-ray emission above 100 GeV. It is widely…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 A. Konopelko , A. Chilingarian , A. Reimers

The sensitivity of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) in TeV gamma-ray observations reachs its maximum at small zenith angles (< 30 degree) which provide the minimum attainable energy threshold of an instrument. However, for a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 A. Konopelko , F. Aharonian , M. Hemberger , W. Hofmann , J. Kettler , G. Puehlhofer , H. J. Voelk

Stereoscopic viewing of TeV gamma-ray air showers with systems of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) allows to reconstruct the origin of individual primary particles with an accuracy of 0.1 degree or better. The shower impact…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 G. Puehlhofer , A. Daum , G. Hermann , M. Hess , W. Hofmann , C. Koehler , M. Panter

The aim of the Yakutsk array enhancement project is to create an instrument to study the highest-energy galactic cosmic rays (CRs) -- their sources, energy spectrum, and mass composition. Additionally, there will be unique capabilities for…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2010-12-24 A. A. Ivanov , S. P. Knurenko , Z. E. Petrov , M. I. Pravdin , I. Ye. Sleptsov

Radio emissions from extensive air showers (EAS) provide a valuable tool for detecting ultra-high-energy (UHE) astroparticles. In this context, several radio arrays focus on detecting highly inclined EAS, as this enables the observation of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-07-09 Valentin Decoene , Marion Guelfand , Matìas Tueros

Imaging air Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) detect the Cherenkov light from extensive air showers (EAS) initiated by very high energy (VHE) gamma-rays impinging on the Earth's atmosphere. Due to the overwhelming background from hadron induced…

A new SPHERE-3 telescope is being developed for cosmic rays spectrum and mass composition studies in the 5--1000 PeV energy range. Registration of extensive air showers using reflected Cherenkov light method applied in the SPHERE detector…

The High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) is an array of five imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes in Namibia observing gamma-rays in the energy range from a few tens of GeV to a few tens of TeV. The Cherenkov signal detected by…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-15 Justus Zorn , H. E. S. S. Collaboration

In gamma ray astronomy, the energy range from sub-100GeV to TeV is crucial due to where there is a gap between space experiments and ground-based ones. In addition, observations in this energy range are expected to provide more details…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-09-08 T. L. Chen , Z. Wang , Q. Gao , C. Liu , Y. Zhang , H. B. Hu , H. Cai , X. Y. Zhang , H. Y. Yang , Y. Shi , Danzengluobu , M. Y. Liu , Z. Y. Feng , Y. L. Feng , Y. Q. Guo , Q. B. Gou , Z. Tian , Y. X. Xiao

The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) will be the next-generation observatory in the field of very-high-energy (20 GeV to 300 TeV) gamma-ray astroparticle physics. The traditional approach to data analysis in this field is to apply quality…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-09-21 Juan Bernete , Orel Gueta , Tarek Hassan , Max Linhoff , Gernot Maier , Atreyee Sinha

Context. The response of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes to incident {\gamma}-ray-initiated showers in the atmosphere changes as the telescopes age due to exposure to light and weather. These aging processes affect the…

Modern Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) generate a huge amount of data that must be classified automatically, ideally in real time. Currently, machine learning-based solutions are increasingly being used to solve…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-03 Yu. Yu. Dubenskaya , A. P. Kryukov , E. O. Gres , S. P. Polyakov , E. B. Postnikov , P. A. Volchugov , A. A. Vlaskina , D. P. Zhurov