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Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is essential for building advanced machine learning-powered applications, especially in critical domains such as medical diagnostics or autonomous driving. Legal, business, and ethical requirements…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Tobias Labarta , Elizaveta Kulicheva , Ronja Froelian , Christian Geißler , Xenia Melman , Julian von Klitzing

Counterfactual explanations are increasingly used as an Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) technique to provide stakeholders of complex machine learning algorithms with explanations for data-driven decisions. The popularity of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Dieter Brughmans , Lissa Melis , David Martens

The rapid growth of data in the recent years has led to the development of complex learning algorithms that are often used to make decisions in real world. While the positive impact of the algorithms has been tremendous, there is a need to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Ankit Kulshrestha , Ilya Safro

As the field of healthcare increasingly adopts artificial intelligence, it becomes important to understand which types of explanations increase transparency and empower users to develop confidence and trust in the predictions made by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Felix Liedeker , Olivia Sanchez-Graillet , Moana Seidler , Christian Brandt , Jörg Wellmer , Philipp Cimiano

Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming increasingly more popular and can be found in workplaces and homes around the world. The decisions made by such "black box" systems are often opaque; that is, so complex as to be functionally…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Rob Geada , Tommaso Teofili , Rui Vieira , Rebecca Whitworth , Daniele Zonca

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to create transparency in modern AI models by offering explanations of the models to human users. There are many ways in which researchers have attempted to evaluate the quality of these XAI…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Joe Shymanski , Jacob Brue , Sandip Sen

A surge of interest in explainable AI (XAI) has led to a vast collection of algorithmic work on the topic. While many recognize the necessity to incorporate explainability features in AI systems, how to address real-world user needs for…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Q. Vera Liao , Daniel Gruen , Sarah Miller

In high-stakes domains such as healthcare and finance, effective decision-making demands not just accurate outcomes but transparent and explainable reasoning. However, current language models often lack the structured deliberation needed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Xiusi Chen , Shanyong Wang , Cheng Qian , Hongru Wang , Peixuan Han , Heng Ji

Although several post-hoc methods for explainable AI have been developed, most are static and neglect the user perspective, limiting their effectiveness for the target audience. In response, we developed the interactive explainable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Pauline Speckmann , Mario Nadj , Christian Janiesch

The rapid integration of generative AI into scientific research has exposed a critical gap in academic disclosure practice. Existing frameworks for reporting AI contributions are uniformly output-oriented -- they document what AI produced,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Ahmad Al-Kabbany

With Artificial Intelligence (AI) influencing the decision-making process of sensitive applications such as Face Verification, it is fundamental to ensure the transparency, fairness, and accountability of decisions. Although Explainable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Miriam Doh , Caroline Mazini Rodrigues , Nicolas Boutry , Laurent Najman , Matei Mancas , Hugues Bersini

Explanations for AI models in high-stakes domains like medicine often lack verifiability, which can hinder trust. To address this, we propose an interactive agent that produces explanations through an auditable sequence of actions. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Yuhang Huang , Zekai Lin , Fan Zhong , Lei Liu

Artificial intelligence (AI) tools are being incorporated into scientific research workflows with the potential to enhance efficiency in tasks such as document analysis, question answering (Q&A), and literature search. However, system…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Anthea Dathe , Kiran Hoffmann , Aline Mangold

We introduce fCrit, a dialogue-based AI system designed to critique furniture design with a focus on explainability. Grounded in reflective learning and formal analysis, fCrit employs a multi-agent architecture informed by a structured…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Vuong Nguyen , Gabriel Vigliensoni

Artificial intelligence now outperforms humans in several scientific and engineering tasks, yet its internal representations often remain opaque. In this Perspective, we argue that explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), combined with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Ricardo Vinuesa , Steven L. Brunton , Gianmarco Mengaldo

Explainable artificial intelligence techniques are developed at breakneck speed, but suitable evaluation approaches lag behind. With explainers becoming increasingly complex and a lack of consensus on how to assess their utility, it is…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Edward Small , Yueqing Xuan , Danula Hettiachchi , Kacper Sokol

As machine learning systems increasingly inform critical decisions, the need for human-understandable explanations grows. Current evaluations of Explainable AI (XAI) often prioritize technical fidelity over cognitive accessibility which…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Tobias Labarta , Nhi Hoang , Katharina Weitz , Wojciech Samek , Sebastian Lapuschkin , Leander Weber

Generative AI shifts interaction toward intent-based outcome specification, despite user intents being inherently vague, fluid, and evolving. While a growing body of HCI research has proposed diverse interaction techniques to support this…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Yoonsu Kim , Kihoon Son , Seoyoung Kim , Brandon Chin , Juho Kim

Explainable AI (XAI) in creative contexts can go beyond transparency to support artistic engagement, modifiability, and sustained practice. While curated datasets and training human-scale models can offer artists greater agency and control,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Ahmed M. Abuzuraiq , Philippe Pasquier

Explainability has become a crucial non-functional requirement to enhance transparency, build user trust, and ensure regulatory compliance. However, translating explanation needs expressed in user feedback into structured requirements and…