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Schema linking -- the process of aligning natural language questions with database schema elements -- is a critical yet underexplored component of Text-to-SQL systems. While recent methods have focused primarily on improving SQL generation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Md Mahadi Hasan Nahid , Davood Rafiei , Weiwei Zhang , Yong Zhang

Text-to-SQLs enables non-expert users to effortlessly retrieve desired information from relational databases using natural language queries. While recent advancements, particularly with Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT and T5, have…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Shouvon Sarker , Xishuang Dong , Xiangfang Li , Lijun Qian

In text-to-SQL task, seq-to-seq models often lead to sub-optimal performance due to limitations in their architecture. In this paper, we present a simple yet effective approach that adapts transformer-based seq-to-seq model to robust…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Kuan Xu , Yongbo Wang , Yongliang Wang , Zujie Wen , Yang Dong

Querying databases for the right information is a time consuming and error-prone task and often requires experienced professionals for the job. Furthermore, the user needs to have some prior knowledge about the database. There have been…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Manu Joseph , Harsh Raj , Anubhav Yadav , Aaryamann Sharma

Existing NL2SQL systems face two critical limitations: (1) they rely on in-context learning with only correct examples, overlooking the rich signal in historical error-fix pairs that could guide more robust self-correction; and (2)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Zerui Yang , Weichuan Wang , Yanwei Xu , Linqi Song , Yudai Matsuda , Wei Han , Bo Bai

Text-to-SQL enables non-experts to retrieve data from databases by converting natural language queries into SQL. However, state-of-the-art text-to-SQL studies rely on the BIRD dataset, which assumes that evidence is provided along with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Janghyeon Yun , Sang-goo Lee

Fine-tuning is an immensely resource-intensive process when retraining Large Language Models (LLMs) to incorporate a larger body of knowledge. Although many fine-tuning techniques have been developed to reduce the time and computational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Hruday Markondapatnaikuni , Basem Suleiman , Abdelkarim Erradi , Shijing Chen

Recent advances in Text-to-SQL have achieved strong results in static, single-turn tasks, where models generate SQL queries from natural language questions. However, these systems fall short in real-world interactive scenarios, where user…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Linzhuang Sun , Tianyu Guo , Hao Liang , Yuying Li , Qifeng Cai , Jingxuan Wei , Bihui Yu , Wentao Zhang , Bin Cui

In almost all text generation applications, word sequences are constructed in a left-to-right (L2R) or right-to-left (R2L) manner, as natural language sentences are written either L2R or R2L. However, we find that the natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Yong Cao , Yukun Feng , Shaohui Kuang , Gu Xu

To translate natural language questions into executable database queries, most approaches rely on a fully annotated training set. Annotating a large dataset with queries is difficult as it requires query-language expertise. We reduce this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Irina Saparina , Anton Osokin

Large language models (LLMs) with in-context learning have significantly improved the performance of text-to-SQL task. Previous works generally focus on using exclusive SQL generation prompt to improve the LLMs' reasoning ability. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Zhenhe Wu , Zhongqiu Li , Jie Zhang , Mengxiang Li , Yu Zhao , Ruiyu Fang , Zhongjiang He , Xuelong Li , Zhoujun Li , Shuangyong Song

The SQL-to-text generation task traditionally uses template base, Seq2Seq, tree-to-sequence, and graph-to-sequence models. Recent models take advantage of pre-trained generative language models for this task in the Seq2Seq framework.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Meher Bhardwaj , Hrishikesh Ethari , Dennis Singh Moirangthem

We present a neural approach called IRNet for complex and cross-domain Text-to-SQL. IRNet aims to address two challenges: 1) the mismatch between intents expressed in natural language (NL) and the implementation details in SQL; 2) the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Jiaqi Guo , Zecheng Zhan , Yan Gao , Yan Xiao , Jian-Guang Lou , Ting Liu , Dongmei Zhang

This study investigates various approaches to using Large Language Models (LLMs) for Text-to-SQL program synthesis, focusing on the outcomes and insights derived. Employing the popular Text-to-SQL dataset, spider, the goal was to input a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Richard Roberson , Gowtham Kaki , Ashutosh Trivedi

Text-to-SQL (Text2SQL) aims to map natural language questions to executable SQL queries. Although large language models (LLMs) have driven significant progress, current approaches struggle with poor transferability to open-source LLMs,…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Shuai Lyu , Haoran Luo , Ripeng Li , Zhonghong Ou , Jiangfeng Sun , Yang Qin , Xiaoran Shang , Meina Song , Yifan Zhu

Current SQL generators based on pre-trained language models struggle to answer complex questions requiring domain context or understanding fine-grained table structure. Humans would deal with these unknowns by reasoning over the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-14 Elena Soare , Iain Mackie , Jeffrey Dalton

The task of converting natural language questions (NLQs) into executable SQL queries, known as text-to-SQL, has gained significant interest in recent years, as it enables non-technical users to interact with relational databases. Many…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Salmane Chafik , Saad Ezzini , Ismail Berrada

Despite the success of large language models (LLMs) in Text-to-SQL tasks, open-source LLMs encounter challenges in contextual understanding and response coherence. To tackle these issues, we present \ours, a systematic methodology tailored…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Xiaojun Chen , Tianle Wang , Tianhao Qiu , Jianbin Qin , Min Yang

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has introduced new challenges in distinguishing human-written text from AI-generated content. In this work, we explored a pipelined approach for AI-generated text detection that includes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Shrikant Malviya , Pablo Arnau-González , Miguel Arevalillo-Herráez , Stamos Katsigiannis

Pre-trained language models (LMs) have been shown to memorize a substantial amount of knowledge from the pre-training corpora; however, they are still limited in recalling factually correct knowledge given a certain context. Hence, they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-08 Ruibo Liu , Guoqing Zheng , Shashank Gupta , Radhika Gaonkar , Chongyang Gao , Soroush Vosoughi , Milad Shokouhi , Ahmed Hassan Awadallah