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Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced interactions between users and models. These advancements concurrently underscore the need for rigorous safety evaluations due to the manifestation of social…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Dahyun Jung , Seungyoon Lee , Hyeonseok Moon , Chanjun Park , Heuiseok Lim

We explore the internal mechanisms of how bias emerges in large language models (LLMs) when provided with ambiguous comparative prompts: inputs that compare or enforce choosing between two or more entities without providing clear context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Rishabh Adiga , Besmira Nushi , Varun Chandrasekaran

Large language models (LLMs) and LLM-based agents have been widely deployed in a wide range of applications in the real world, including healthcare diagnostics, financial analysis, customer support, robotics, and autonomous driving,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Wenrui Xu , Keshab K. Parhi

Although value-aligned language models (LMs) appear unbiased in explicit bias evaluations, they often exhibit stereotypes in implicit word association tasks, raising concerns about their fair usage. We investigate the mechanisms behind this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Lihao Sun , Chengzhi Mao , Valentin Hofmann , Xuechunzi Bai

Fairness is a critical requirement for human-related, high-stakes software systems, motivating extensive research on bias mitigation. Prior work has largely focused on tabular data settings using traditional Machine Learning (ML) methods.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Xinyue Li , Sixuan Li , Ying Xiao , Jie M. Zhang , Zhou Yang , Xuanzhe Liu , Zhenpeng Chen

Unlocking the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) in data classification represents a promising frontier in natural language processing. In this work, we evaluate the performance of different LLMs in comparison with state-of-the-art…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Arina Kostina , Marios D. Dikaiakos , Dimosthenis Stefanidis , George Pallis

Large Language Models (LLMs) have quickly risen to prominence due to their ability to perform at or close to the state-of-the-art in a variety of fields while handling natural language. An important field of research is the application of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Gabriel de Jesus Coelho da Silva , Carlos Becker Westphall

Research has shown that while large language models (LLMs) can generate their responses based on cultural context, they are not perfect and tend to generalize across cultures. However, when evaluating the cultural bias of a language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Vitthal Bhandari

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing (NLP) by enabling robust text generation and understanding. However, their deployment in sensitive domains like healthcare, finance, and legal services raises…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Georgios Feretzakis , Vassilios S. Verykios

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integral to information dissemination and decision-making processes. Given their growing societal influence, understanding potential biases, particularly within the political domain, is crucial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Konrad Löhr , Shuzhou Yuan , Michael Färber

Validating Large Language Models with ReLM explores the application of formal languages to evaluate and control Large Language Models (LLMs) for memorization, bias, and zero-shot performance. Current approaches for evaluating these types…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Reece Adamson , Erin Song

Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited impressive natural language processing capabilities but often perpetuate social biases inherent in their training data. To address this, we introduce MultiLingual Augmented Bias Testing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Alessio Buscemi , Cédric Lothritz , Sergio Morales , Marcos Gomez-Vazquez , Robert Clarisó , Jordi Cabot , German Castignani

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a milestone in the field of artificial intelligence and natural language processing. However, their large-scale deployment remains constrained by the need for significant computational resources.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Julián Camilo Velandia Gutiérrez

Machine learning practitioners often face significant challenges in formally integrating their prior knowledge and beliefs into predictive models, limiting the potential for nuanced and context-aware analyses. Moreover, the expertise needed…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-23 James Requeima , John Bronskill , Dami Choi , Richard E. Turner , David Duvenaud

Generating synthetic datasets via large language models (LLMs) has emerged as a promising approach to improve LLM performance. However, LLMs inherently reflect biases in their training data, leading to a critical challenge: when models are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Miaomiao Li , Hao Chen , Yang Wang , Tingyuan Zhu , Weijia Zhang , Kaijie Zhu , Kam-Fai Wong , Jindong Wang

Large language models (LLMs) are transforming research on machine learning while galvanizing public debates. Understanding not only when these models work well and succeed but also why they fail and misbehave is of great societal relevance.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Julian Coda-Forno , Kristin Witte , Akshay K. Jagadish , Marcel Binz , Zeynep Akata , Eric Schulz

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable advances in language generation and understanding but are also prone to exhibiting harmful social biases. While recognition of these behaviors has generated an abundance of bias mitigation…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly adopted in financial analysis for interpreting complex market data and trends. However, their use is challenged by intrinsic biases (e.g., risk-preference bias) and a superficial understanding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Yuhang Zhou , Yuchen Ni , Yunhui Gan , Zhangyue Yin , Xiang Liu , Jian Zhang , Sen Liu , Xipeng Qiu , Guangnan Ye , Hongfeng Chai

Agents backed by large language models (LLMs) increasingly rely on external tools drawn from marketplaces where multiple providers offer functionally equivalent options. This raises a critical fairness concern: systematic bias in tool…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Thierry Blankenstein , Jialin Yu , Zixuan Li , Vassilis Plachouras , Sunando Sengupta , Philip Torr , Yarin Gal , Alasdair Paren , Adel Bibi

Large language models (LLMs) are sophisticated artificial intelligence systems that enable machines to generate human-like text with remarkable precision. While LLMs offer significant technological progress, their development using vast…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Yashothara Shanmugarasa , Ming Ding , M. A. P Chamikara , Thierry Rakotoarivelo