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In this paper we introduce vSTS, a new dataset for measuring textual similarity of sentences using multimodal information. The dataset is comprised by images along with its respectively textual captions. We describe the dataset both…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-12 Oier Lopez de Lacalle , Aitor Soroa , Eneko Agirre

Data collection from manual labeling provides domain-specific and task-aligned supervision for data-driven approaches, and a critical mass of well-annotated resources is required to achieve reasonable performance in natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Zhengyuan Liu , Hai Leong Chieu , Nancy F. Chen

Semantic Textual Similarity (STS) is a crucial component of many Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications. However, existing approaches typically reduce semantic nuances to a single score, limiting interpretability. To address this,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Diego Miguel Lozano , Daryna Dementieva , Alexander Fraser

We present MahaSTS, a human-annotated Sentence Textual Similarity (STS) dataset for Marathi, along with MahaSBERT-STS-v2, a fine-tuned Sentence-BERT model optimized for regression-based similarity scoring. The MahaSTS dataset consists of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Aishwarya Mirashi , Ananya Joshi , Raviraj Joshi

Sentence-level classification and sequential labeling are two fundamental tasks in language understanding. While these two tasks are usually modeled separately, in reality, they are often correlated, for example in intent classification and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-10-02 Mingbo Ma , Kai Zhao , Liang Huang , Bing Xiang , Bowen Zhou

Previous work has demonstrated that AI methods for analysing scientific literature benefit significantly from annotating sentences in papers according to their rhetorical roles, such as research gaps, results, limitations, extensions of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Francisco Bolaños , Angelo Salatino , Francesco Osborne , Enrico Motta

Many evaluations of large language models (LLMs) in text annotation focus primarily on the correctness of the output, typically comparing model-generated labels to human-annotated ``ground truth'' using standard performance metrics. In…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Jiaman He , Zikang Leng , Dana McKay , Damiano Spina , Johanne R. Trippas

Semantic text similarity plays an important role in software engineering tasks in which engineers are requested to clarify the semantics of descriptive labels (e.g., business terms, table column names) that are often consists of too short…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Toshihiro Takahashi , Takaaki Tateishi , Michiaki Tatsubori

This work describes a self-supervised data augmentation approach used to improve learning models' performances when only a moderate amount of labeled data is available. Multiple copies of the original model are initially trained on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-18 Gabriele Sarti

An extensive library of symptom inventories has been developed over time to measure clinical symptoms, but this variety has led to several long standing issues. Most notably, results drawn from different settings and studies are not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Eamonn Kennedy , Shashank Vadlamani , Hannah M Lindsey , Kelly S Peterson , Kristen Dams OConnor , Kenton Murray , Ronak Agarwal , Houshang H Amiri , Raeda K Andersen , Talin Babikian , David A Baron , Erin D Bigler , Karen Caeyenberghs , Lisa Delano-Wood , Seth G Disner , Ekaterina Dobryakova , Blessen C Eapen , Rachel M Edelstein , Carrie Esopenko , Helen M Genova , Elbert Geuze , Naomi J Goodrich-Hunsaker , Jordan Grafman , Asta K Haberg , Cooper B Hodges , Kristen R Hoskinson , Elizabeth S Hovenden , Andrei Irimia , Neda Jahanshad , Ruchira M Jha , Finian Keleher , Kimbra Kenney , Inga K Koerte , Spencer W Liebel , Abigail Livny , Marianne Lovstad , Sarah L Martindale , Jeffrey E Max , Andrew R Mayer , Timothy B Meier , Deleene S Menefee , Abdalla Z Mohamed , Stefania Mondello , Martin M Monti , Rajendra A Morey , Virginia Newcombe , Mary R Newsome , Alexander Olsen , Nicholas J Pastorek , Mary Jo Pugh , Adeel Razi , Jacob E Resch , Jared A Rowland , Kelly Russell , Nicholas P Ryan , Randall S Scheibel , Adam T Schmidt , Gershon Spitz , Jaclyn A Stephens , Assaf Tal , Leah D Talbert , Maria Carmela Tartaglia , Brian A Taylor , Sophia I Thomopoulos , Maya Troyanskaya , Eve M Valera , Harm Jan van der Horn , John D Van Horn , Ragini Verma , Benjamin SC Wade , Willian SC Walker , Ashley L Ware , J Kent Werner , Keith Owen Yeates , Ross D Zafonte , Michael M Zeineh , Brandon Zielinski , Paul M Thompson , Frank G Hillary , David F Tate , Elisabeth A Wilde , Emily L Dennis

Machine learning models for text classification are trained to predict a class for a given text. To do this, training and validation samples must be prepared: a set of texts is collected, and each text is assigned a class. These classes are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Aleksandr Tsymbalov , Mikhail Khovrichev

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success in NLP tasks. However, there is a paucity of studies that attempt to evaluate their performances on social media-based health-related natural language processing tasks, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Yuting Guo , Anthony Ovadje , Mohammed Ali Al-Garadi , Abeed Sarker

Generative large language models (LLMs) can be a powerful tool for augmenting text annotation procedures, but their performance varies across annotation tasks due to prompt quality, text data idiosyncrasies, and conceptual difficulty.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Nicholas Pangakis , Samuel Wolken , Neil Fasching

Measuring the semantic similarity between two sentences (or Semantic Textual Similarity - STS) is fundamental in many NLP applications. Despite the remarkable results in supervised settings with adequate labeling, little attention has been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-31 Xin Tang , Shanbo Cheng , Loc Do , Zhiyu Min , Feng Ji , Heng Yu , Ji Zhang , Haiqin Chen

Pre-trained language models have shown excellent results in few-shot learning scenarios using in-context learning. Although it is impressive, the size of language models can be prohibitive to make them usable in on-device applications, such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-27 Navid Rezaei , Marek Z. Reformat

Annotation noise is widespread in datasets, but manually revising a flawed corpus is time-consuming and error-prone. Hence, given the prior knowledge in Pre-trained Language Models and the expected uniformity across all annotations, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-12 Chang Shu

Evaluating the quality of arguments is a crucial aspect of any system leveraging argument mining. However, it is a challenge to obtain reliable and consistent annotations regarding argument quality, as this usually requires domain-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Nailia Mirzakhmedova , Marcel Gohsen , Chia Hao Chang , Benno Stein

Human annotation of training samples is expensive, laborious, and sometimes challenging, especially for Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. To reduce the labeling cost and enhance the sample efficiency, Active Learning (AL) technique…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Xuesong Wang

Human-annotated preference data play an important role in aligning large language models (LLMs). In this paper, we study two connected questions: how to monitor the quality of human preference annotators and how to incentivize them to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Shang Liu , Hanzhao Wang , Zhongyao Ma , Xiaocheng Li

Large language models (LLMs) have recently garnered significant interest. With in-context learning, LLMs achieve impressive results in various natural language tasks. However, the application of LLMs to sentence embeddings remains an area…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Ting Jiang , Shaohan Huang , Zhongzhi Luan , Deqing Wang , Fuzhen Zhuang