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Partially ordered patterns (POPs) play an important role in the study of permutation patterns, providing a convenient framework for describing large families of classical patterns. The problem of enumerating permutations that avoid POPs has…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-05 Shiqi Cao , Huihua Gao , Sergey Kitaev , Yitian Li

In this paper, we find distributions of the left-to-right maxima, right-to-left maxima, left-to-right minima and right-to-left-minima statistics on up-down and down-up permutations of even and odd lengths. For instance, we show that the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-26 Tian Han , Sergey Kitaev , Philip B. Zhang

Partially ordered patterns (POPs) generalize the notion of classical patterns studied widely in the literature in the context of permutations, words, compositions and partitions. In an occurrence of a POP, the relative order of some of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-03-22 Alice L. L. Gao , Sergey Kitaev

We derive functional equations for distributions of six classical statistics (ascents, descents, left-to-right maxima, right-to-left maxima, left-to-right minima, and right-to-left minima) on separable and irreducible separable…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-30 Joanna N. Chen , Sergey Kitaev , Philip B. Zhang

A partially ordered (generalized) pattern (POP) is a generalized pattern some of whose letters are incomparable, an extension of generalized permutation patterns introduced by Babson and Steingrimsson. POPs were introduced in the symmetric…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Silvia Heubach , Sergey Kitaev , Toufik Mansour

Finding distributions of permutation statistics over pattern-avoiding classes of permutations attracted much attention in the literature. In particular, Bukata et al. found distributions of ascents and descents on permutations avoiding any…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-06 Tian Han , Sergey Kitaev

Partially ordered patterns (POPs) generalize the classical notion of permutation patterns within the framework of pattern avoidance. Building on recent work by Burstein, Han, Kitaev, and Zhang, which introduced the concept of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-22 Sucharita Biswas , Umesh Shankar , Sivaramakrishnan Sivasubramanian

We prove that any class of permutations defined by avoiding a partially ordered pattern (POP) with height at most two has a regular insertion encoding and thus has a rational generating function. Then, we use Combinatorial Exploration to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-12-14 Christian Bean , Émile Nadeau , Jay Pantone , Henning Ulfarsson

Partially ordered patterns (POPs) generalize classical permutation patterns and have been extensively studied in the contexts of permutations, words, compositions, and partitions. Burstein, Han, Kitaev, and Zhang established the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-01 Sucharita Biswas

A partially ordered pattern (abbreviated POP) is a partially ordered set (poset) that generalizes the notion of a pattern when we are not concerned with the relative order of some of its letters. The notion of partially ordered patterns…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-17 Lintong Wang , Sherry H. F. Yan

Motivated by Kitaev and Zhang's recent work on non-overlapping ascents in stack-sortable permutations and Dumont's permutation interpretation of the Jacobi elliptic functions, we investigate some parity statistics on restricted…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-04 Zhicong Lin , Jing Liu , Sherry H. F. Yan

Partially ordered patterns (POPs) generalize the notion of classical patterns studied in the literature in the context of permutations, words, compositions and partitions. In this paper, we give a number of general, and specific enumerative…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-04-20 Sergey Kitaev , Artem Pyatkin

Given a permutation $\sigma = \sigma_1 \ldots \sigma_n$ in the symmetric group $\mathcal{S}_{n}$, we say that $\sigma_i$ matches the quadrant marked mesh pattern $\mathrm{MMP}(a,b,c,d)$ in $\sigma$ if there are at least $a$ points to the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Dun Qiu , Jeffrey B. Remmel

We consider the distribution of ascents, descents, peaks, valleys, double ascents, and double descents over permutations avoiding a set of patterns. Many of these statistics have already been studied over sets of permutations avoiding a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-07-24 Michael Bukata , Ryan Kulwicki , Nicholas Lewandowski , Lara Pudwell , Jacob Roth , Teresa Wheeland

We review selected known results on partially ordered patterns (POPs) that include co-unimodal, multi- and shuffle patterns, peaks and valleys ((modified) maxima and minima) in permutations, the Horse permutations and others. We provide…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Sergey Kitaev

In their paper \cite{DokosDwyer:Permutat12}, Dokos et al. conjecture that the major index statistic is equidistributed among 1423-avoiding, 2413-avoiding, and 2314-avoiding permutations. In this paper we confirm this conjecture by…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-07-15 Jonathan Bloom

We launch a systematic study of the refined Wilf-equivalences by the statistics $\mathsf{comp}$ and $\mathsf{iar}$, where $\mathsf{comp}(\pi)$ and $\mathsf{iar}(\pi)$ are the number of components and the length of the initial ascending run…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-09-10 Shishuo Fu , Zhicong Lin , Yaling Wang

Permutation statistics $\wnm$ and $\rlm$ are both arising from permutation tableaux. $\wnm$ was introduced by Chen and Zhou, which was proved equally distributed with the number of unrestricted rows of a permutation tableau. While $\rlm$ is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-02-16 Joanna N. Chen

A permutation $\pi$ contains a pattern $\sigma$ if and only if there is a subsequence in $\pi$ with its letters are in the same relative order as those in $\sigma$. Partially ordered patterns (POPs) provide a convenient way to denote…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-01-29 Kai Ting Keshia Yap , David Wehlau , Imed Zaguia

We study positional statistics for four families of pattern-avoiding permutations counted by the large Schr\"oder numbers. Specifically, we focus on the pairs of patterns {2413,3142} (separable permutations), {1324,1423}, {1423,2413}, and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-27 Juan B. Gil , Oscar A. Lopez , Michael D. Weiner
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